The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 38

THE BROOfeLYSTDAILY EAGLE. NEW TOBK, SUNDAY, JANUARY 20, 1901. 10 NATION TO CELEBRATE oo This Year SIX ATTEMPTS WILL BE MADE, HALL CENTENNIAL. Bv as Many Nations. 8 5S American Bar Association Will Have Charge of Cere monies on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Installation of the Famous Chief Justice.

TO REACH THE NORTH POLE. ce! OOCKJOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOSOOOOSXJOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOcia VJR the Hist rfiiMininl of the installa IX nations, this opening year of the twentieth century, will make as many different efforts to locate the exact will be held there on February 4. Albert (1. McDonald, who has been in charge the Brooklyn observance of the centenary, said to an Eagle reporter yesterday that the orig The St. Memin Profile of Marshall.

Jarvis Portrait of Marshall. "My plans include not only reaching tho pole, but making sound scientific observations not heretofore completely achieved. The ship will be delivered at Vi.acouver in ample time. She is an improved Fram and includes all the best and latest devices of the Antarctic vessels now building. Twelve or fourteen men will accompany me.

Many have offered themselves from the United States, Canada and elsewhere. "I attach the greatest value to the Marconi system of communication with my base. "Of course, I shall stick to the ship as long as possible, but I shall be prepared to leave her and make a dash for the pole." Captain Bernier will travel by the route taken by the wreck of the Jeannette. By this route, instead of being in opposition' to the currents, as so many explorers have been, the captain hopes to be carried along and aided at all points of his journey by it. In speaking of this the captain said: "In the polar circle, from the shores of Siberia, the most frequent winds are frpm the east and southeast, thus carrying the Ice The Most famous Portrait of Chief Justice Iffarshall.

Painted bv II. Inman, at the Order of the Bar of Philadelphia. position of the North Pole. These expeditions do not include that of Lieutenant Peary, who sailed northward more than two years ago, who when last heard from was in Kane Basin, at the entrance to Baffin's Bay. Another American, a French Canadian, a German, a Norwegian, an Italian and a Russian will set sail from various pointsi within the next few months, each expedition being equipped with more experience, of course, than has been in the possession of any other previous one, and many of them backed by unlimited capital and the most; improved paraphernalia.

For patriotic reasons, at least, the expedition of Evelyn B. Baldwin of the United States Weather Bureau, will attract the most attention in this country. Mr. Baldwin was a member of Peary's party In 1893 and 1894, and that he Is an enthusiast on the subject may be gathered from the fact that, in 1897, JrS T)V I GREENLAND 1 POLE. jnjKy PS.

inal intention was to have a separate cele bration in Brooklyn, but because of the impossibility of getting a speaker of sufficient prominence for the occasion this plan had been abandoned, and it was likely that the Brooklyn Bar Association would decide simply to send a delegation to Albany. How large this committee will he or of whom it will be composed has not yet been decided. The delegation of Manhattan lawyers will number one hundred, and will include most of the more prominent attorneys of that borough, the younger as well as the older elements being well represented. Arrangements have been made throughout the country for similar celebrations, and addresses will be delivered by such eminent men as Wayne MacVeagh, Henry Cabot Lodge. Judge Charles H.

Simonston and others of equally high reputation. Elaborate preparations for the celebration have been made in Chicago. Final arrangements for the event have been completed by Auolph Moses, secretary of the National John Marshall Day Association, and in charge of the Chicago celebration. The programme will begin with an oration to be delivered at the Auditorium by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, at 2:30 P. on February 4.

All courts will be closed the MARSHALL, RICHMOND, VA. day of the celebration and there will be observances at all the schools and colleges. The celebration will conclude with a banquet at the Auditorium Hotel, beginning at 7. Toasts and speakers will be as follows: "John Marshall," Judge P. S.

Grosscup; "The Nation and the States," John S. Baker, assistant solicitor general, Philadelphia: "The National Judiciary," John V. Quarles of Wisconsin, or George R. Peck of Chicago; "Illinois in the National Government," Henry D. Estabrook, Chicago, and "Centennial Days," Archbishop Ireland, St.

Paul, Minn. John Marshall was the fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and he held the office longer than any other chief justice. He was born in Germantown, Fauquier County, on the 24th of September, 1755. His father, Thomas Marshall, was a Virginia planter, and at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War he raised a regiment and was appointed its major, and his son John, a lieutenant. From this time until the close of the war the young man was engaged in active military service.

As soon as the courts were reopened after the war Marshall began practice at law, and quickly rose to distinction at the bar. On the 3d of January, 17S3, he married Mary Willis Ambler, daughter of the state treasurer of Virginia, with whom he lived for nearly fifty years. In 1787 he was elected to represent Henrico County, which contains the City of Richmond, in the Legislature. His policy was decidedly in favor of the new United States Constitution, and he was a member of the state convention that was called to consider its ratification. At this time he was recognized as the chief opponent of Patrick Henry, who was a powerful antagonist of the Constitution.

In 1795 Washington offered him the post of attorney general, which he felt obliged to decline. Two years afterward he accepted from President Adams the appointment as one of the joint envoys to France. He was elected to Congress in April. where he served for less than one session. Chief Justice Ellsworth having resigned his seat on the bench in November, ISOO, the President, after offericg the vacancy to John Jay, who declined it, conferred the appointment on Mr.

Marshall. He served in this capac i'y until a few weeks before his death in the summer of 1S33 in Philadelphia. During his six years of military service his marked od sense and discretion and his general popularity often led to his being DISCOVERIES ATTEMPTS TO REACH THE NORTH POLE. This is a map of the polar regions, the circumscribed line being the Arctic Circle. The curved lines pointing to the pole represent the routes of the expeditions that are getting ready to start in 1901.

In the great international race Peary has a long, lead, being now more than half way from the borders of the Arctic to the goal. The Original Painting Is Now In the Possession of Justice Gray of the United States Supreme Court. as its real head. The most important opinions, especially those on constitutional law, were pronounced by him. The thirty volumes of reports covering a period of thirty five years contain the monument of his great judicial power and learning, which are referred to as the standing authority on constitutional questions.

They have imparted life not only to the Constitution, but to the national body politic. It is not too much to say that no other man could have been selected for this office who was equally fitted for the task he had before him. The great opinions that he delivered are a treatise on American constitutional law. They stand as the monuments and records of his judicial history. Their most striking characteristics are crystalline clearness of thought, irrefragible logic and a wide and statesmanlike view of all questions of public consequence.

In these respects he has had no superior in this or any other country. Some men seem to be constituted by nature to be masters of judicial analysis and insight. Such were Papinian, Sir Matthew. Hale and Lord Mansfield, each in his particular province. Such was Marshall in his.

They seemed to handle judicial questions as the great Euler did mathematical ones, with giant ease. The incidents of Marshall's life, aside from his judicial work, after he Vent on the bench, are few. In 1807 he presided with Judge Griffin at the great state trial of Aaron Burr, who was charged with treason. President Jefferson and his adherents desired Burr's conviction, but Marshall preserved the most rigid impartiality and exact justice throughout the trial, acquitting himself, as always, to the public satisfaction. THE TEHUANTEPEjC ROUTE.

Mexican Transportation System Which. Promises to Be of Great Importance. The British consul at Vera Cruz has recently dispatched to the British Foreign Office an interesting report regarding the state of the trade of that port, and its prospective development when the present extensive harbor works at Coatzacoalcos on the Mexican Gulf and Salina Cruz on the Pacific, have been completed, and the Tehuantepec Railway connecting the two ports, which Is at present in such wretched condition, is reconstructed. Coatzacoalcos possesses a magnificent natural harbor, but its utility is somewhat nullified by the sand bar at the estuary of the river, which considerably impedes navigation. Salina Cruz possesses a fine roadstead, but it is not sufllciently protected from the open sea.

It was, therefore, decided some time ago to improve the harbor accommodation of these two ports, and to improve the railway over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The Mexican government entered into a fifty years' partnership with Messrs. S. Pearson Son, limited, the well known contractors ol for the construction of harbor works at the two ports and the reorganization of the railway at an estimated cost of about 515,000,000. The work is now in full swin0.

but progress has been considerably retarded by the effects of the pestilential diseases indigenous to the unhealthy climate and the swampy nature of the district. Yellow fever has played havoc with the engineers, though the health of the district has been appreciably improved by the installation of a thorough sanitary system. The bar at the entrance to Coatzacoalcos is being cleared by the erection of retaining walls, which, when completed, will give a depth of 34 feet of water on the bar, while wharves are to be provided along the river's banks with a depth of 30 feet of water alongside. At Salina Cruz an immense breakwater is being erected to inclose the harbor, which will have a depth of 30 feet of water. The reorganization of the railway will be a very protracted task, since it will have to be reconstructed almost throughout.

It is 200 miles in length, and there are do less than 845 bridges and culverts crossed, all of which with the exception of 12 will have to be rebuilt, since they are at present temporary structures of wood. At places the line, which is very circuitous, will be diverted and shortened, the stiff gradients moderated and curves improved. It is anticipated that three years will elapse before the railroad is overhauled and the harbor works advanced to a stage sufficient to enable steamers to discharge and to embark their cargoes. It is intended to transfer the freight from the steamers from one port to vessels in the other by means of the railroad in less than twenty four hours, and the tariff will not exceed $4 per ton. When this Mexican route is in full operation it will afford facilities for the quicker transit of freight between Europe and the Northern Pacific coast.

Japan, China and Australia. It will also compete seriously with the intertraffic of the Mississippi Valley, since San Francisco is one hundred milec nearer to Coatzacoalcos, via Salina Cruz, than New urieans, from which city It is at present served by the Southern Pacific Railway. The Tehuantepec interocean route is destined to become one of the most important thoroughfares of the world. Scientific American. Hr.n ni' John us Chief Jus tice nf the I'iutcil states, being made in ail ho priiifij.al cities nf ibo I'liion.

ana it Is probable als'i tliai In day will bo generally ail public hools. and law schools. The lai. is Monday. February 4.

By dlrceiioii uf the American Har Assori ation a eoinmiuee. i of one niem "ber from each late an.l territory and from the District ef Columbia, b.i been appointed to eonduct the lehr.i tiori. (Jtioting from the address which anmiiuia the proposed observance of (ho day: "A eomniciiiorni ion of this event, of the splendid career John in the groat office which iio adorned ftr more than thirty four years cannot fail to be an occasion of profound interest and importance to the Ameriean bench and bar. Soldier, student, advocate, diploma: statesman and jurist, ho was one of the tinest types of American manhood in its best, estates. His fame is the herbage of the nation, and it is befitting that the whole country should celebrate the appointed day." The most important celebration is to take place in Richmond, at the old home of the Chief Justice.

The house, which was built in is now occupied by two granddaughters of John Marshall, but it. will soon pass into the hands of the John Memorial Association, to be preserved as OLD HOUSE 03? CHIEF JUSTICE a permanent memorial. The association has been collecting furniture, books, manuscripts, letters, portraits and other relics of the great jurist, and these will be placed in the rooms, and the whole house restored as nearly as possible to its original form. It is a plain, colonial structure, built of brick, and remains to day exactly as it was in the days of the first owner. Inside, some alterations have been made, but no very serious ones.

The old garden in the rear of the house where Marshall and his friends used to play at quoits, has disappeared. The space Is occupied by a row of rather dismal brick buildings. The Richmond celebration is in the hands State Bar Association and the Bar Association of the City of Richmond, who have arranged an impressive programme, the principal features of which are an address at the Academy of Music and a grand banquet at the Jefferson Hotel. The address, upon the character and career of the great Chief Justice, will be delivered by Horace Gray of Massachusetts. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

The President is expected to be present, with his Cabinet, the Justices of the Supreme Court, the Governor of Virginia and a long list of disiiiiKui. iboii men from all parts of the Vailed Sintes. The i i :i.nies at the Academy will be followed by a banquet, to which invitations have IwihI only tu the President and Cabin of the Supreme Courts of the and of the State of Virginia, i no 1 1 t. a i if of the state, the Mayor of Richmond. Mi.

Ju: Cray and his party, and tbc, i h' from other stairs who l.av. i.sktd to respond to toasts. Hi side i be the old home of the Mar There will be commemorative naticnal capital un di the ,1 uf Saprome Court, of the I'r. i s. with a f.

stance of the CO hraivh. tin ci nnv nt. The lawyers i cr York had hoped it won! 1 to arrange a ioa i.f Jest; centennial wri'n v. ciM r. tie iVolins; or the bar of tbi a.

sue' bin it seems ee tb's piai. will be bauiloiie'1 I thm X. York and ihc lir.e.k lyn i inns ill satisfy themselves S' na.n re pv svn; ve delegations to Albany to be pre nil the celebration which INTERESTING jrorpill'OH that is as ins as it is fkYf StiMorirsilly valuable is being brought I jkO Hsrin by i a vat ions on the sice of early who brtween the Forum Roman and the Palatine Hill. These exonva; a as are h. conducted tinder the patr in.

I irovvrti'iien! in a most careful and sci, manner, with the result lhat ruins relies, many them of grcat value a ice. are boing unearth abac i A ivcn; i important diseov tv tans Or ibe rains of wb.ni. is believed by cr be Ihc ol Christian caib. i.i ir. 1 opes of Koine.

This edifn e. which v. is lnu' as ihc Kancta Maria Amlcpia, was uf Ijyr.nntine stylo nf architecture, and was "i.iai to tba; patron of th" Papei icl I'ab sa extended to the Viseus Tuscus. Th athedrai was completed about the an of the eighth Christian century John Yfl, and. although the aa sira! say ha it has no ibK' 'aiv sic a.

lica classical associations, ii has much historical value as a general landmark. ud it will have especial interest just now froiti tic fact that it nmrks the beginning of ibc temporal of the Popes, when ill" on clually In Ir court in that por'H of the Imperial Palace which overinoltwi ih forum, a practice whieh was cc ni .) until the tenth century. The laib. 't al was beautiful i irueuiro. baviai: a triple nave divided by mari.

cob, inns. Tia was an ansidial recess the enil and a f'rand portico. The mural paintings show representations of I I IN THE After the Original Copper Plate Proof in the Memin Collection. Owned by Hampton L. Carson.

MAY SHIP COAL, In Gaseous Form, THROUGH THE AIR. Chicago XRay Specialist Expects Science to Accomplish a Unique Feat. the scientific feats which it has been predicted will be achieved within the present century, none yet outlined is more remarkable than that of transporting to any portion of the world in the form of gas, with the aid of electrical currents, the heat producing properties of coal. Dr. H.

P. Pratt, the Chicago ray specialist, is the originator of this idea, which, he asserts, is supported by scientific laws. He declares that he believes it will be possible, within a few years, to accomplish this seemingly miraculous operation. He thinks it will be feasible to reduce coal to gas here in New York and send it through the air across the ocean, by means of electricity, to be gathered in London and there reduced to a form in which it can be used as a heat producing medium. Dr.

Pratt's theoretical method for accomplishing this remarkable result does not Include the use even of wires. He bases his theory upon the principle involved in wireless telegraphy, which, he says, has demonstrated the strength of an electric current sent through the atmosphere without the aid of wires. Dr. Pratt asserts that the application of this principle will make possible the realization of his scheme. In other words, he holds it to be probable that one day it will be possible to cause coal gases to follow an electric current passing through the atmosphere, as now does the current which makes wireless telegraphy possible.

In support his theory Dr. Pratt says: "It is a well known fact among medical men, and especially electro therapeutists, that an element or group of elements can be transported, from one point to the other in the body by the use of electricity, the body serving as an electrolyte. Two electrodes being attached to the poles of a galvanic battery placed on the body will pro Dr. Harry Preston Pratt. duce a change in the electrical condition of the body, which causes the ions, otherwise the product of electrolysis.

If we place on the positive pole a solution of iodine or a like electric positive element, it is driven from the positive to the negative pole, which is on the opposite side of the body. This method of transferring medicine through the body is termed cataphoresis. So much for the conducting qualities of electricity through the body." Dr. Pratt further expands this theory by telling how it might be applied so that an electric light circuit could be established between, say, Chicago and Milwaukee without the use of wires. And he declares that by means of wires sunk in Lake Michigan at those two cities, and each provided with an electrode, iodine could be sent from one city to the other by electrolytic action.

RESOLUTIONS. We've made resolutions anew, As it's long been our custom to do. And (the thought causes pain) We will make them again In the year 1902. Washington Star. long do you pray at night, my boy' u'tUL UUJ selected to settle disputes between his brother officers, and he was frequently employed to act as deputy judge advocate.

This brought him into extensive acquaintance with the officers and into personal intercourse with General Washington and Colonel Alexander Hamilton, an acquaintance that subsequently ripened into a sincere regard and attachment. When the constitution went into effect Marshall acted with the party that desired to give it fair scope and to see it fully carried out. His great powers were frequently called into requisition in support of the Federal cause and in defense of the measures of Washington's administration. His law practice in the meantime became extended and lucrative and he was employed in nearly every important cause that came up in the courts of Virginia. When the controversies arose regarding Jay's treaty and the French Revolution Marshall was the constant and powerful advocate of Washington's administration and measures of government.

The treaty was assailed as unconstitutionally interfering with the power of Congress to regulate commerce. Marshall, in a speech of remarkable power, demonstrated the fallacy of this argument, and it was finally abandoned by the opponents of the treaty, who carried a resolution simply declaring the treaty to be inexpedient. As a Federalist he was received in France with insult and contumely, and he returned to this country. Regarding this he wrote in his "Life of "History will scarcely furnish an example of a nation not absolutely degraded, which has experienced from a foreign power such open contumely and undisguised insult as were suffered on this occasion by the United States in the persons of their Ministers." In speaking of the efforts of the French to levy tribute, he gave the following toast at a public dinner in Philadelphia: "Millions For Defense; Not a Cent for a Tribute." In reference to this expression Patrick Henry, a former opponent, wrote to a friend: "Tell Marshall I love him because he felt and acted as a republican, as an American." President Adams tendered him a seat on the Supreme bench, but he declined it. In a letter to the Secretary of State declaring his intention to appoint Marshall, the President says: "Of the three envoys to France, the conduct of Marshall alone has been entirely satisfactory and ought to be marked by the most decided approbation of the public.

He has raised the American people in their own esteen, and if the influence of truth and Justice, reason and argument is not lost in Europe he has raised the consideration of the United States in that part of the world." During his term in Congress he distinguished himself by an elaborate and powerful speech against the resolutions censuring the President and the Secretary of State, which were offered in the House. He triumphantly refuted all the charges and assumptions of law on which the resolutions were based, and they were lost by a decided vote. This speech settled the principles that have since guided the government and the courts in extradition cases, and is still regarded as an authoritative exposition of international law on the subject of which it treats. Before the end of the session Marshall was nominated Secretary of War, but before his confirmation he was nominated and appoint ed Secretary of State. He filled this office with ability and credit during the remainder of Adams' administration.

His state papers are luminous and unanswerable, especially his instructions to Rufus King, Minister to Great Britain, in relation to the right search and other difficulties with that country. Regarding his appointment as chief justice the tradition is as follows: John Jay had already declined the place, and Marshall, thinking to relieve the President's care in the matter, suggested a new name, when Mr. Adams said, "General Marshall, you need not give yourself any further trouble about that matter. I have made up my mind about it." "I am happy to hear that you are relieved on the subject," said Marshall. "May I ask wh jm you have fixed upon?" "Certainly," said the President, "I have concluded to nominate a person whom it may surprise you to hear mentioned.

It is a Virginia lawyer, a plain man by the name of John Marshall." He always maintained a commanding position in the court, jt only as its nominal, but thunderbolt, their mother Leda with the swan of transformation. Much to the satisfaction of the excavators all of this sculpture is well preserved. A statue of Apollo, iu viry old Greek design, and made of Greek marble; a bust of Jupiter, in white marble; a statue of Aesculapius in the same stone have been found in the same annrtment in fi.irly good condition, but only fragments remain of an equestrian group which evidently was a treatment of the Dioscuri. The temple is built of brick, and there was a fi ni portal between two marble pillars which supported an architrave upon which was inscribed the name of the divinity to whom it was dedicated. On the margin of the circular basin Marcus Barbatius Pollio.

who was quaestor in 41 A. had his name inscribed, and the Inscrintion Is sMii iihi. This basin was filled with water from the sacred fountain. Opposite the hasln is ble altar which, like the basin itooif i. iniact, which bears sculptured figures of Mars and of a goddess, who, it is thought, is Juturna bidding farewell to her brother Turnus, as told in the Aeneid.

The Basilica Fulvia Aemilia is another in teresting relic of the rorum of the Republic. It was erected by various emperors toward the close of the fifth century, A. taking the place of the ancient Basilica Fulvia. It was once destroyed by fire, and was restored by the Emperor Augustus with funds contributed mainly by the desecendants of Aemi lino Paulus. This restoration included a number of fine pillars of Phrygian marble, which were removed late in I he fourth century by the Emperor Valentinian for use in the Cathedral of St.

Paul. to the north and northwest and drawing it against the shores of 'Franz Josef's Land Spitzbergen and Greenland. In the polar circle on the North American coast, on the contrary, the wind blows from the west and northwest, pushing the ice to the east and southeast, on the shores of North Greenland and Grinnell Land, where it accumulates from year to year, and forms those eternal masses. or which Markham, who explored this part of the Polar circle, savs tower many feet above tho moving ice. If we draw a line from Behring Strait to North Greenland we will diyide the Polar into two parts.

The western part is formed of an immense block of i je bearing upon the shore of North America, which forms an impassable barrier to the pole. The eastern portion is formed by ice which has drifted from the coast of Siberia and Behring 'Straits and pursues the course of the wind. When it approaches the pole it increases in thickness and volume, forming tho which Dr. Nansen found to be about thirty feet high. These are no doubt higher near the pole." That an expedition commanded by a German explorer will set out during the coming summer is admitted, but nothing definite has yet been given out about its composition or its plans.

In addition to Peary, two other explorers are already well on their way northward, provided all has gone well with them. These are Svcrdrup. a Swede, and Stein, a German American, who when last heard from were in Ellesmere Land. SHREWD ROYAL INVESTORS. Some European Crown Heads Who Hold American Securities.

Emperor William owned at one time $7, 000,000. of American securities. About two years ago his holdings were transferred to the name of the Berlin banker, so it is impossible to tell accurately the amount of his holdings at the preeent moment. It ie estimated, however, that they aggregate $3,000, 000, and his yearly income from them Is $150,000. So far as the records here show, the Emperor never speculated in Americans nor invested in industrial securities.

His holdings have always been railway bonds or stocks, and his favorite issues are Louisville and Nashville, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Missouri Pacific and Illinois Central. Tho Empress of Germany is the individual owner, of about $500,000 of American securities. These are in her own name, but the dividend payments are, by her order, made to a firm of Berlin bankers. Otho members of the German royal household are owners of American secur. ties, but the certificates are mostly in the names of their individual bankers.

The eecurities so held amount to about $4,000,000. The Czar of Russsia holds $6,000,000 in American bonds and stocks, principally the former. These include issues of the Pennsylvania Railroad, New York Central Railroad, Northern Pacific, Canadian Pacific, Southern Pacific, New York, New Haven and Hartford and New JerseJ Central. His holdings are registered in the name of a St. Petersburg firm, to whom all communications regarding them are sent.

The royal income Is increassd $500,000 annually by these securities, which, at the ruling market prices, show an appreciation of nearly $1,000,000 over the average price at which they were bought. Empress Eugenie had at une time invested here $10,000,000. The royal family of Spain holds to day our securities utmut $2,000,000 a greater sum than it has investea in any other count The income from these Is $100,000 unnually. Royalty in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Greece and Holland all show a liking for American enterprises and the income derived from American securities. Japan also looks to the United States for paying investments.

Even the Shah of Persia and the Sultan of Turkey have money invested here; but these commitments are so hedged about with precautions that an accurate estimate of volume is impossible. President Kruger has the greater part of his fortune Invested In European ee curlties, but about $1,500,000 Is in Americans, and the wily old man has shown a disposition within the last few months to increase his Interest here. The exact nature of his in vestments Is not known, further than that part consists od) government bonis. Mlun he went to Spitzbergen, intent upon accompanying Andree in his balloon enterprise, and was bitterly disappointed over the decision that he could not be accommodated in the car, which sailed away to the northward, to be lost sight of for at least four years, and perhaps for ever. But Mr.

Baldwin is a determined person, and as he has the backing of William Ziegler, the Manhattan millionaire, he will not lack the means to accom plish his ambition. When he was in London, about three weeks ago, he announced that he had decided to make his start from Franz Josef Land, and he was malting plans to get away early during the coming summer. It is understood that his scheme includes the use of a great balloon, to be launched as soon as his ship has made the furthest possible northward progress. Next, in point of general interest, will be the expedition under Vice Makaroff, the Russian explorer, in the specially built ice breaking steamship Ermack, the interest in this expedition centering not only in the novelty of the idea, hut, so far as Americans are concerned, in the fact that what it is believed will prove an effective feature of this unique craft is the invention of a Yankee. As has already been explained in the Eagle, the Ermack has three screws, two aft and one forward.

The forward propeller is the American idea, the theory being that its revolutions will lessen the resistance of the ice by displacing the water underneath it. Whether or not this notion will work out in practice when the vessel is obliged to put forth all her powers, the theory commended itself to the judgment of Makaroff and was adopted. In the recent trial the Ermack ploughed her way through fourteen feet solid ice and plunged through the hummocked kind of twice that thickness. The vessel is 302 feet long and her propellers are so arranged that they can be operated at full speed in the midst of an ice pack without endangering them. The vessel's hull is cf steel, and it is estimated that she will withstand fifteen times the strain which may safely be brought to bear upon the average ship built of the same material.

Makaroff's plan is to enter the polar regions somewhat to the eastward of Franz Josef Land, thereby avoiding the unfavorable East Greenland current aud taking advantage of the stream which it is believed flows very near to, if not directly over, the polo. Admiral Makaroff maintains that probably the ice is relatively thin as one nears the pole and it is his belief that his ship will be able to steam directly to that long sought for point. But if the Ermack is caught beyond extrication in the ice he will set out in dog sleds and push as far north as possible. Another expedition, the progress of which is certain to be watched with the closest interest because of the prominence of the men who will lead It, is that which will be jointly commanded by the Duke of Abruzzi, first cousin of the King of Italy, and Fridtjof Nan sen, the eminent Norwegian explorer. It will be recalled that the Stella Polare, under the command of the Italian nobleman, got within 241 miles of the Pole last year, thereby beating the record of Nansen by 23 miles.

It is presumed that the expedition commanded by these two daring and skillful men will follow the general route which carried the duke nearer to the coveted spot than any other human being is known to have been; that is, a path northward from Franz Josef Land. Captain Bernier, the French Canadian, proposes to leave Vancouver, bound for Behring Strait, about June 1. His is to follow the Siberian coast to the Siberian Islands, going into winter quarters about five' hundred miles from tho pole. Bernier believes that his vessel will be gradually carried northward by the drifting ice in which it will become imbedded, but he does not expect to reach the pole until the third sum mer. The captain is busy now in Londonri fitting out his ship, the Scottish King, and he estimates that the cost of his expedition will be about $100,000.

In discussing his plans the other day Captain Bernier said: RUINS OF ANCIENT ROME. A Difference. Christ, with adoring cherubim, the four! evangelists and stenes from the flight unto Egvpt of Mary and Joseph. i A men1 definite and. therefore, perhaps, i ore valuable, very has been that of the exact location of the three successive Ro i man forums.

These were the ancient forum, ihc insiituiion of. ilu city in the first estate; tlie Republic forum, representing the second cried of IZouian history, and the Imperial loium. which is largely intact to day. Tno lit public rum was built, on the site of the i 'nrb'ut but traces of both edifices Lave been brought to light by the recent ex ions. inosi interesting antiquity which been broutdii to light is the ruins of the Ii Milium and sane; uary of Juturna in the for of i be lii The fountain marks the site of a pool called the Lake of Juturna.

I inle one of ihu most interesting spots in I Rome by the legend that it was here that and Pollux stopped to let their horses drink when came to announce to the i. opb of Rome the victory at Lake Regillus. A', this time the Lake of Juturna was a sa.ail pool ere uted by a stream which flowed from a cleft in the Palatine hill, but the i anil the place were alterward comniem i by building there a rectangular basin mii ua; incioscu oy una rocK, and ii is ih. ii.asoi.ry basin that recently liar bein lirounhi light. The ruins of a ti a.ai.

I he Sane uarv of Juturna hove also oreil. Hie most interesting relic ol this "diiii being a marble nltnr hr.nrln.. the scillptuieil of Castor and Pollux, their faiiher, Jupiter with his scepter and The parson (on a visit) And how The boy Winter or summer? apolls journal..