The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 16

THE BKOCyKLYN BlIiY 189 a DEMOCRATIC LEADERS AT CHICAGO. THE FATHERS OF OUR INDEPENDENCE. Personalities of Some Men Who Will and of Others Who Will Not Influence 'the Action of the Convention. Men Who by Their Courage and Devotion Transformed the American Colonies Into the United States of America. (Copyrighted, 1S96, by Frank G.

Carpenter.) Chicago, 111., July 4, 1896. (Copyright by A. G. Gedney.) VEN we who look with the greatest bullets flying, the shells bursting and the battle going on all about them. When the fight was finished Daniel was carried to the hospital.

The surgoon said he would die, but a section of his thigh bone was cut away and his youthful vitality was such that he recovered. He has to day six inches of bone out of one of his legs and still he manages to do good work, though he Is In constant pain. He told me that he thought his wound had been a good thing for him in that it was during his six months in the hospital that he acquired his taste for reading and there began the studies the continuation of which have developed him into the famous man that he is. Daniel made a reputation as a lawyer before he got into politics. He has written two good law books and one of these has already paid him more than $20,000 in royalties.

General Gordon's Nerve. Coolness on the battle field is somewhat similar to coolness in a great convention. This fight of the Democrats will be a bitter one, and It will require nerve for the men here to say what they think. Among the nerviest of the lot is General John B. Gordon SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

From John Trumbull's Historical Painting. The historical painting by John Trumbull, from which the above cut was reproduced, hangs in the rotunda of the. capltol at Washington. The figures are life size and the artist painted each individual portrait separately before grouping them in one grand composition. This painting was the crowning work of Trumbull's career, and congress in 1S17 remunerated him for his labor by the then princely appropriation of A handsome photographuro of the painting goes with each copy of to day's Eagle a fitting Fourth of July souveoiir.

See adjoining article for sketches of the signers. of Independence." Commencing at the right of the picture: MJBfCean, born In Pennsylvania In 1734; lawyei and soldier, distinguished, It Is said, as the only man who served in the continental congress without intermission during the whola period of the war. Samuel Chase, born in Maryland in 1741, road law a't Annapolis and was admitted to practice at 20 years of age. CharleB Carroll of Carrollton, born in 1787, ol a family of Irish origin. He was educated In France and pursued the study of law al Brouges, London and Paris.

Thomas Stone, born In Maryland in 1743. He read law anfl entered into practice at Annapolis. William Paca, born in Maryland in 1730; graduated at Philadelphia college, was a lawyer Richard Henry Leo was born In Virginia in 1732, received his education at Wakefield, In Yorkshire. George Wythe, born in Virginia In 1726. Fully prepared by previous education he entered the practice of law and from th first showed marked ability.

Thomas Jef ferson, born in Virginia in 1743. It is onlj necessary to say that this, the central flguri of tho day we celebrate, went to his rest ait th age of 84, on the anniversary of the crowning act of his greatness, the Fourth of July, 1826, leaving his biography as patriot, statesman, philosopher, author and "diplomatist written in the memory of the people. Thomas Nelson, born in Virginia in 1738. Visited England ait 15 and graduated at Trinity college, Cambridge. Benjamin Harrison, born in Virginia.

Hli ancestors were in Virginia as early as 1640, the year ot the breaking out of the English revolution which cost Charles I his crown. He was educated at the College William and Mary. Carter Braxton, born at New Ington. 1736, was educated also at th College ol William and Mary. Francis Light foot Lee, born in Virginia In 1734.

He wa carefully educated under the Rev. Dr. Craig, a Scottish clergyman, and like his brother, Richard Henry, was an early and consistenj patriot. William Hooper, born in Boston in 1732, graduated at Harvard and read law. He settled in North Carolina and soon stood at the head of the bar.

Joseph Hewes, born at Kingston, N. in 1730, of a Quaker family. After studying at Princeton and pursuing commercial business In Philadelphia, at the age of 30 he settled at Edenton, N. C. John Penn, born in Virginia in 1741.

Although his opportunities for education wers limited, he made such good use of his time as to be admitted to the bar at 21 years ol age. Edward Rutledge, of Irish parentage, a soldier and lawyer, born in Charleston in 1749. Thomas Heyward, born in South Carolina in 1746, was liberally educated and, like John Laurens, Thomas Lynch, and others of the sons of wealthy planters, completed his studies in England. Thomas Lynch, born in South Carolina in 1749, was educated at Eton and at Cambridge, In 1772 he returned to South Carolina to practice law, being described as "a finished gentleman, a thing very rare in this country at that period and since." Arthur Middleton, born In South Carolina in 1743. 1: HE biggest Democrats ot the country will be in Chicago this week.

Who are they? What are they? How do they look, act and talk? A score or them pass before my mind's eye as I write. There eomes William C. Whitney, who countermanded his passage to England and stayed at home in order that bo might induce thiB convention to declare Tor a gold standard. That well dressed, rosy cheeked man, with the black moustache, the straight nose and the gold eyeglasses Is he. Every one knows him.

He was one of the big men of the convention of 18S4, which nominated Cleveland the first time. He was Cleveland's secretary of the navy and he could have had the presidency once or twice by the raising of his hand. He could get it now by working lor it, but he don't want it, and he would not accept it on a free silver platform. Mr. "Whitney is a man of convictions.

He does not believe in free trade, and he has always been for sound money. He was disgusted with Cleveland when he came out for free trade, and he told him that his free trade message would lose him the presidency in 1888, as it did. I was a correspondent for the New York World when Cleveland delivered that message, and I called that night at Whitney's house to get hiB opinion. He hemmed and hawed and walked up aud down the room and at last begged me not to Interview him; as he could not say anything on the subject that would help the administration. Secretary Whitney was at that time the most popular man in Washington.

His brilliant wife was then living, and she and. Mr. Whitney were the leading social figures, of the Cleveland administration. It was Mrs. Whitney who coached Mrs.

Cleveland when she came to Washington as a bride. She was of great aid to her husband. and when she died, I am told, she left him airs, unitney was me aaugnter of eXrSenator Henry B. Payne of Cleveland, and it is said that if Whitney ever wants to be President he can command the support of his brother in law. Oliver H.

Payne of the'TStandard Oil company. Oliver Payne is almost as rich as John Rockefeller, and he may be worth $100,000,000. Whitney, I understand, however, does not like to be associated with the Standard Oil company. He had begun to make money before he was married, and he is reported to have gotten a single fee of $150,000 from Jay Gould for some legal work. OI late years he has been making money in business, and I venture to say that he has himself accumulated more than he ever received from his wife.

He got his political training under Samuel J. Tilden, and he is to day one of the shrewdest political managers and organizers of the United States. He will be a power in this fighting convention, and is a striking figure even in the piping times of political peace. Calvin Brice and His Ambitions. "With Whitney I see another distinguished character.

The man looks for all the world as though he had just stepped out of the pages of the London Punch of days gors by and was a walkinsr cartoon made jv Mr. Leach. His curly, bushy, red hair heng3 down over his big forehead like a brush heap. His nose is almost as bie as vour fist, and his sharp, cold, blue eyes lo out from under heavy brows. He is dre3sed in business clothes and he stoops a as he walks.

His stoop, however, is nt that of humility, but ratner that of the fighter who has a chip on his shoulder and ready for a spring. That man is Senator Cal Brice. He still lives in New York, tut he has a mighty power in the state of Ohio. During the years of his sehatorship he has had a select list of every prominent Democratic cuiLor, lawyer ana politician or tne state. sent Ihem.

week after wepk uAria I and government documents, accompanied by letters stamped with a good imitation of his autographic signature. Brice is for hard money. At any rate, he is not for free silver. IT. Roht.

Morris. Geo. Clymer, 6. Wm. Hooper, 27.

Joseph Howes, 28. James Wilson, 29. Fras. Hopklnson, 30. George Taylor, 31.

John Adams, 32. Roger Sherman, IS. John Morton, m. Henj. Rush.

20. RIbrldse Gerrv, 21. T. Pain 22. Abraham Clark.

23. Stephen Hopkins, 24. William Ellery. him, standing at the table, are John Adams, Roger sapphire, emerald, asterla, topaz, amethyst, chatoyant, glrasol and white or colorless sap pnire. The corundum goms of North Carolina are identical with the gems of the orient, and the geological conditions under which, as it now appears, the North Carolina gems have been formed and colored, seem to have been present in those localities of the old world from which the oriental gems have been, during tne lapse of ages, broken and swept by the action cf streams, in the washings of which man has discovered them.

The ruby mines of Burmah are on the hillsides and plain lands of a valley running about east and west, and at an average elevation of 4,000 feet. In addition to rubies, sapphires are found of fine quality and of nearly every shade of color, from the yellow or oriental topaz to the green or oriental emerald. Zircon, moonstone and tourmaline are also found in these deposits. The corundum gem deposits of North Carolina and Georgia are oi greater extent than any similar deposits of the Eastern hemisphere. They occur In Macon, Jackson and Transylvania counties in North Carolina, and in Rabun county, at intervals through a territory forty miles In length by fifteen miles in extreme width, and at an altitude only a little less than those of Burmah, 3,500 feet.

They are for the most part near the crest of the Blue Ridge mountains. Within this area is found a remarkable system of chrysolite dykes carrying the corundum, numerous veins of the commercial product and the highly crystalized and highly colored gem formation. That all the conditions are present for the production of precious stone of the finest quality and In great quantity, is easily shown. The earliest extended reference to corundum appears in a joint paper by Count Bour non of Paris and Sir Charles Greville of London, published In 1T9S. In the course of their investigations they made a list and analyses of the associate minerals found in transitu with the sapphires of Ceylon.

In 1872 Colonel Jenks had a similar list prepared, and made an examination of those found 1n situ with the gems of one locality in Macon county, N. and one locality in Rabun County, these being at the extremes of the gem producing area, and about thirty five miles apart. Ail the minerals found in the Ceylon deposits are present in both the localities Just referred to. The authorities are in doubt as to the cause of color in rubies and sapphires, but It is generally attributed, in the case of rubles and green sapphires, to chromium, and in the blue sapphire to protoxide of iron or possibly to oranium. The other shades are thought to be produced by different proportions of oxide of Iron.

It was determined by the late H. C. Sorby of Sheffield, England, who In the department of color, had no scientific superior, that subtle tints of chrome and other metalic substances, when placed in solution of pure alumina and traversed by electric currents, would give all the natural color characteristics of the gems. Al several points the gem producing districts of North Carolina, rubies and sapphires have been found in purity and brilliancy of color, deep in the ground, between two solid walls. All the elements needed to form solutions adapted to be electrijally acted on to produce all shades of color, are found in the vain, and comparison shows the crystals to be identical with the gems, and the coloring chemicals with the debris of the gem washings of Burmah and Ceylon.

It would seem probable that electricity operating ages ago in such formations, had much to do with the production of the delicate colors which determine so largely the value of all gems. It seems to be established that the ruby, sapphire and emerald were formed at moderately high temperatures and under so great a pressure that water might bo present in a nquia state, mis is illustrated by the fluid cavities contained in many specimens, which cavities, when examined under a powerful microscope, are seen to be of varying dimensions and to contain what appears to be water or a saline aqueous solution which is highly expansive. In some cases these cavities are full, in others filled to one half or two thirds their capacity, and minute bubbles varying from one ton thousandth to one fifty thousandth of an inch move to and fro with such great rapidity that the eye can scarcely follow them. Similar cavities are found In the gems of the orient and In those of North Carolina and Georgia, an additional evidence of the similarity of the gems of both hemispheres. The green sapphire and ruby are the most valuable of all gems, the green sapphire or oriental emerald, taking precedence as the result of its extreme rarity.

A ruby of the finest pigeon blood color, free from flaws. Is worth per carat several times that of a diamond of the first water. The true emerald Is not to be confounded with the corundum or oriental emerald. Stones bearing this name obtained from Peru and Boguta are slliclous, soft and lacking in' the brilliancy which Is a distinguishing feature of the corundum emerald. George F.

Kunz. the distinguished gem expert, says of one of the crystals found about 1872 at the Corundum Hill mine in Macon county. North Carolina: "At the Jenks mino was found probably one of the first known specimens of emerald green sapphire (oriental emerald). It is the transparent part of a crystal corundum, 4x2xlV Inches, from which several gems' could be cut that would together furnish from 80 to 100 carats of very fine, almost emerald green gems (not too dark, as the Siamese), the largest possibly fully 20 carats in weight. As this gem Is one of tho 33.

34. 35. 35. 37. 3S.

39. 40. to it is Is in at pride and hopo on the present and ruM ure of our nation, must admit that tha congress of '76, assembled In Indepen dence hall, contained a remarkable proportion of able and distinguished men. In the history of the peoples of the earth there Is no movement to which so large an amount of political science, observation, wisdom and experience was brought to bear as In the birth of our country. The eulogy ol those men can never be exhausted.

The more thoroughly we study their characters and lives the more deeply graven on every Amer! can heart will be their genius, virtues and sacrifices. "If we are not this day wanting In our duty to our country," exclaimed Rich ard Henry Lee, "the names of the American legislators of '76 will be placed by posteilty at the side of those of Theseus, of Lycurgus, of Romulus, of Kama, of the three Williams of Nassau, and of all "those whose memory has been and forever will be dear to virtuous men and good citizens." Popular knowledge of the birthplace, educa tion, pursuits and conditions of life of thoBe who stood sponsors at Liberty's cradle and there pledged to each other their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor, cannot but be interesting and instructive. With the ex ception of eight who had come in youth or early manhood, they were native Americans. John Hancock, whose bold signature as Presi dent of the continental congress, stood alone with that of Charles Thomson, Its secretary, at the foot of its first publication, was born In Massachusetts in 1737. He began life as a clerk in the counting house of his uncle.

At the age of 27 he Inherited a fortune which placed him in affluence. Joshua Bartlett was born in Massachusetts in 1729 and was a successful medical practitioner before he entered public life. William Whipple was born at Kittery, now Maine, In 1730. In his youth he followed the sea and later became a merchant at Portsmouth, N. H.

Matthew Thornton was born In Ireland In 1714. He was a prominent physician. John Adams, the champion of freedom, was born in Massachusetts in 1735. He was a distinguished lawyer. Samuel Adams was born In Boston In 1722.

Intended for the bar by his father, he began life, however, as a merchant's clerk. Robert Treat Paine, born In Massachusetts in 1731, began life as a minister of the gospel, but soon left it for the legal profession. Elbrldge Gerry, born at Marblehead, 1714, educated at Harvard, where he graduated with credit. Entering into mercantile business, he acquired both reputation and property. Stephen Hopkins1, born at Scltuate.

R. 1707; his early years were passed in agricultural pursuits. Later he engaged in mercantile business in Providence, and almost Immediately entered into political life. William Ellery, born at Newport in 1727, graduated at Harvard and practiced law with distinction. Roger Sherman was born at Newton, in 1721.

He began life as a shoemaker's apprentice, and, finding himself at his death charged with the support of a large family, he nobly performed, his task by following his humble trade. Struggling against difficulties and the want of early education, he mastered all and placed himself high among the framers of the constitution; a perfect type of an American, a noble example of our country's best production, a self made man. Samuel Huntington was born at Haddam, 1732, and practiced law at Norwich when first known in public life. William Williams, born at Lebanon, in 1731. graduated at Harvard and commenced the study of divinity with his father.

He subsequently embraced a mercantile career, in which he was most successful. Oliver Wolcott. born at Windsor, in 1726, graduated at Yale, began life as a captain in the French and Indian war. At the peace he studied medicine, but soon after entered public life. William Floyd, born at Setauket, L.

was a prosperous farmer. Philip Livingston, born at Albany, N. 1716, graduated at Yale, and, in affluent circumstances, immediately took an active part in politics. Lewis Morris, born in 1716, at the manor of Morrlsanla, which he inherited on the decease of his father. He graduated at Yale and became active in politics.

Although enjoying a competency, he was a practical farmer. Francis Lewis, born at Llandaff, Wales, in 1713. He was educated at Westminster, apprenticed to a London merchant, and when of age emigrated to this country and entered into mercantile business. Rich ard Stockton, born at Princeton, N. 1730.

Graduated at Princeton college; was a prominent Judge, and, from the position of his family and fortune, was freed from the early struggle to which many of his colleagues were subjected. Francis Hopkinson, born in Phil adelphia, in 1737, of aft influential and wealthy family. He was a lawyer, an admiralty Judge of reputation and a man of letters. John Witherspoon, born at Tester, Scotland, In 1722; a descendant of John Knox. He gradu ated at the University of Edinburgh.

He was a distinguished and popular preacher. John Hart, a thrifty farmer of Hopewell, N. who, though not so well educated as others of the New Jersey delegation, stepped forward and filled his place as firmly and as consistently as did more scholarry and Influential men. Abraham Clark, born at Elizabeth, N. In 1726.

Too feeble to labor, he turned his attention to surveying and the study of the law, his fellow provincials early selecting him as an object of their confidence in public life. Robert Morris, the financier of the revolution, was born at Lancashire, England, in 1733. He had tho advantage of a liberal education, and entering into mercantile life he became the boldest and most prominent operator In the country In goods, stocks and lands. It was to his financial skill and expedients as financial agent and tho linking of his own wealth, credit and destiny to that of his country that the success of the war ot the revolution was largely due. Benjamin Rush, born at Berberry, In 1745, graduated at Princeton and after studying medicine In Philadelphia took his degree of doctor ot medicine at Edinburgh.

He was one of the most widely known physicians of his day. Benjamin Franklin, born at Boston, in 1706. an errand boy, printer, e'dltor of a newspaper, of almanacs and books, author, compiler. Inventor, philosopher, economist and ambassador, he stands easily ahead, In tho opinion of the world generally, as the foremost and most widely known American of his day. George Clymer, born In Philadel phia, In 1739, a merchant, soldier and statesman.

John Morton, born In Ridley, In 1724, was of Swedish descent and an Intelligent and well educated surveyor. JameB Smith, born In Ireland in 1720, and in 1730 emigrated with his parents to this country, was a lawyer and active in military matters. George Taylor, born also in Ireland, In 1716. An emigrant at 20, he was an apprentce In iron works at Durham, and subsequently erected large Iron works at Lehigh. James Wilson, born In Scotland in 1742, emigrated to this country at 24.

Began life as a teacher and lawyer. George Ross, born at Newcastle, In 1730. Liberally educated, he established himself In the practice of law at the age of 21. Caesar Rodney, born at Dover, In 1730, of English descent. George Road, born In Maryland In 1734, of a family of Irish origin, possessed ol wealth and position; was prominent as a lawyer.

Thomas of Georgia, and he may make one of the big speeches of the convention. Senator Gordon Is now realizing a fortune out of his lectures, and he has gotten much fame as an orator. He is tall, straight and gray haired. Socially he Is Impulsive and full of feeling, but in action he Is the coolest of the cool, and what ever be the troubles here he will not lose his head. A remarkable instance of his nerve occurred at the battle of Sharpsburg, at which he was wounded.

He was shot by a bullet In the head, knocked from his horse and thrown in a half conscious state on the battlefield. As he lay there he reasoned with himself, and not long ago he described his sensations at the time as follows. He said: "I can remember the operations of my mind. It seemed to me I was soliloquizing and that I said to myself: 'Now, my head feels as though a six pound cannon ball had srruck It. If that is so It has carried away my head: therefore I must be dead.

And still I am thinking, and how can a man think with his head shot off? And if I am thinking I cannot bo dead! Stiil a man might have consciousness after he is dead, but his body could not have action? Now, I will see! If I can lift my legs then I must be alive. Can Yes. I can. I see it rising. I cannot be dead after And with that," concluded General "I woke up and found my head still on.

but also that I had been reasoning as philosophically and logically over the loss of 't as thoueh I had been in my office and nc lying wounded on tne battlefield." The Illinois Boss. The most striking man from Illinois at this convention 13 to be John P. Altgeld, the governor of ttie state, the pardoner of the anarchists ani the man who stands out in his state as the head of the free coinage movement. Gove. nor Altgeld is a singed cat.

He Is a little ss off man of about five feet six. He has brown beard and brown hair, and to look at him you would never imagine him to be op of the strongest men of the state. He was' born In Prussia and has been in this cuntry about forty years. He is, I judge, now 50. There are no signs of the German about him, and it is hard to realize from whence his great strength eomes.

He was .1 poor boy and spent the earlier part of his life in Richland county, Ohio, studying law. I think, at Mansfield. He began his practice in Lchicago and made money out of the law and real estate. He had a fortune before he went into politics, and is, I understand, entirely independent of official salaries. Silver Dollar Eland.

Altgeld is said to favor Bland of Missouri as a presidential candidate. Bland's candidacy may keep him away from Chicago. I have seen much of him in congress at Washington and his apearance reminds me of the remark of the old country woman, who visited the clrcu and for the first time got a lock at a hippopotamus. She gazed at the animal for some time in breathless astonishment, and then drew back with the remark: "Oh, my! Ain't he plain!" WTell, the great silver agitator is plain looking. He has a plain sallow face, with a square forehead running into a baldish expanse surrounded by blonde hair.

He has a rough brown beard, slightly touched with gray, cut in the plainest way, and the hoarse voice which comes out over it has a sort of a twang to ft which carries out the plainness of Its owner. Bland dresses plainly, and he prides himself on being one of the plain people. He lives in a plain house in a plain little town known as Lebanon, and leads the life of a farmer during the recesses of congress. He Is one of the few congressmen who make farming pay. I am told that he has one of the largest apple orchards in the country, and that he has for some years been making more out of his apples than his congressional salary.

Fanner Boies. Bland will have a strong competitor along his own lines In this convention with Governor Boies of Iowa. Boies can also appeal to the farming population by being one of them. M( Has nnn ar wn.rtv Ia. He has a thousand acres of irrainc land in another county, and I am told that he has 500 head of car.le In one place.

Governor Boies also pretends to be plain, but In appearance he looks more like an aristocrat. He Is tall, broad shouldered and fine looking. He has a big body, big limbs and a big round head, covered with hair of silver white. He dresses in a black diagonal frock coat, loose trousers and white shirt, wich a turn over ccliar. He wears gold spectacles and buttoned shoes, while Bland comes out with iron rimmed glasses and top boots.

Governor Boles is a rich man. He was born In a log cabin in New York state, and went West to make his fortune. Ha earned his first money as a ditch digger at $10 a mon'th; dtid better arte. he settled In Iowa, and finally got so far that he was able to study law. He was a Republican until Cleveland first ran for President in 1881.

when he voted the Democratic ticket and he has been a Democrat ever since. He Is now nearly 70, but his physical condition is such that anv life Insurance company would give him ten years' policy at low rates. John G. Carlisle. I understand Secretary John G.

Carlisle is to come to the convention. If so, there will be no more striking man in Chicago. Carlisle's face is of the old colonial type, barring the fatness. He has the malarious complexion which you find among men who have been brought up along the Ohio river, and his sal lowness has been added to by the miasmatic vapors of the Potomac. Carlisle's face Is a cross between that of John C.

Calhoun's and Daniel Webster's. It Is classical and somber, and attached to his six feet of muscular flesh it forms a part of a personality which attracts attention everywhere. Carlisle is now slightly stooped, but he is the same tall, thin, dignified, gray eyed man that he was when he came to Washington something like twenty years ago. He does not seem to have been worried by tho treasury. He is not a hard worker and he does not let things trouble him.

He grasps knowledge by intuition, and his mind is so clear that he can use every bit of brains he has. His son once told me that he played solitaire for his amusement and that he often thought out his knottiest problems while carrying on a game of this kind. He will come here to support Cleveland's gold ideas. They are his own ideas, notwithstanding many Democrats deny this. I had an interview with him some time before he went into the treasury and long before the nee snver movement nao assumed its pres ent proportions.

He said to me: "I want to tx.Ua cam nf Mm people. The capitalist can take care of him self, but the money In which the wages of laDorers are to De paid should be of the best. Carlisle lives at Covington. Ky. Joe Bl.icV.

burn once said to him: "Carlisle, you live three hundred yards too far south of the Ohio river ever to be President of the United States." Think what a difference it would have marie had Carlisle lived in Cincinnati Instead of Covington, which is, you know, Just across the river. In that case he would to dav 1 the greatest Democrat of the state of oki He would be McKInley's opponent and would undoubtedly, now be the head of the Democratic ticket. Adlai and the Mule. It is wonderful how may big men there are among these Democrats. I mean men big In body as well as in brain.

Boies of Iowa Key to the "Signers of the Declaration 1. Goo. Wythe. 9. Wrn.

Paca. 2. William Whipple, 3. Josiah Bartlstt, 4. IV11J.

5. Thomas Lynch. 6. Richard Henry Lee, 7. Samuel Adams, S.

John Plnn. 10. Samuel Chase, 11. Lewis Morris, 12. Win.

Floyd, 13. Arthur Middleton, 11. Thos. Hayward, Chas. Carrrll.

1C. Geo. Walton, John Hancock has the chair. Facing Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. weighs more than two hundred.

Carlisle must touch the two hundred mark. Bland Is short but heavy. General John M. Palmer is a six footer, and Adiai E. Stevenson, who is something of a candidate for the presidency, stands seventy four inches tall in his stockings and weighs SlfH; pounds.

Carlisle is a big brunette. Stevenson is a big blonde. You might almost call him a strawberry blonde, for there is a reddish tinge to what is left of his hair, and a glint of gold among the silvery threads of his heavy mustache. Stevenson, like Carlisle, was born in Kentucky, and like Carlisle, he was a poor boy. His first reading was done during the intervals of work upon his father's farm.

He had to fight for his time for reading, and I heard the other day a story of bow he got in some of it unknown to his father. It was in corn plowing time, and the farmers of Kentucky worked from daylight until dark. Adlai Stevenson had got his first taste of Robinson Crusoe, and he carried the book with him to the fields, going out with his father's one eyed mule ostensibly to plow corn. His father was In another part of the plantation, and during the old man's absence Adlai rested and read. Ad lai's father, however, knew something of the boy's tricks, and in order to be sure that he was at work he fastened a bell around the mule's neck and told Adlai he should know that when that bell stopped ringing he had stopped work.

For some days, however, he noted that the. bell rang continuously, but that there was little plowing done. He could not understand it. and he slipped quietly around to the corn field, the bell keeping up its ringing as he came. When he reached the fence he looked in vain for Adlai or the mule.

But the bell still rang. He followed its sound, and there in the thicket at the side of tho field sat the bare footed future vice president deep in the mysteries of Robinson Crusoe, while his font moved regularly to and fro pulling at a string, one end of which was attached to his big toe and the other to the bell, which he had hung up on a bush a few yards away. It is needless to say that Robinson Crusoe and his man Friday were laid away for that day at least. Soon after this Adlai's father moved to Illinois, but the boy came back to Center college, "Kentucky, to get his education. The Swan Like Blackburn.

was at Center college that Joe Blackburn was educated, and Adlai and he were there at the same time. Senator Blackburn will cut a big figure here ait Chicago. He will probably have a vcte from Kentucky for President, and he may make one of his great speeches in the convention. Blackburn is a famous word painter. His mouth can grind out eloquent expressions faster than fcrty seven graphophones run by electricity, and his home he is known as the silver tongued Blackburn.

His speeches, however, are more noted for their beauty than for their depth of thought, and this reminds me of how Blackburn was once taken down in Kentucky. Candidates for office in that state, you know, debate with one another before an audience of both parties a3 to the questions of the day. They go about their districts to show off their parts to their constituents. One night Senatcr Blackburn made th first speech. He had captured the audience, and as he sat down his friends looked about In Lriumph.

His opponent then rose and turned Dae tide of popularity with a single sentence. In this he likened Senatcr Blackburn to the swan, saying: "He is like that beautiful! bird which glides along, the perfection of grace, and dips and curves in lines of beauty buit only draws an inch or so of water." No one expects Blackburn to get the nomination. Still ho will be one of the ornamental features of the cenvention, and if he speaks ho will bring down the house. FRAXK G. CARPEXTER.

ij GEMS OF THE SOUTH 1 HIS article is written in the heart of I 1 the mineral belt of tho Alleehan'es. the only American neighborhood where crrundum has been profitably mined, and from which the beautiful corun oum gems were first dug fro. tne matrix and sent through the channels of commence. The principal gem deposits of the old world occur in Burmah, Slam, Ceylon and Bac rria, and some of these have been worked for many centuries, certainly from the time of Solomon. Here the precious sapphire and ruby occur in the alluvium or sand of the river beds, but they have never been found In place, that is, in the vein.

Scientists, with few dissenting voices, were the opinion that these gems were created in the peculiar secondary formation, composed of water worn pebbles In a conglomerate of blue and white clay, buried ten to twenty feet below the surface of the valleys. It was no: until 1S71 that the new world added a frosh page to science, and disproved tho theory, that the occurrence of corundum gems In situ was unnatural and therefore impossible. The credit of the discovery belongs to Colonel C. W. father of the writer, who in 1871, while mining for corundum at a depth of ten to se enty flve fee: bilow the surface, in Macon county, North Carolina, uncovered oriental sapphires and rubies surrounded by the original matrix cf corundum and imbedded in rlpidoiice between two walls 'of chrysolite an.d serpentine.

This dUcrvtry wo followed by a further find of the corundum gc mx In the alluvium at srinie distant? below the veins. The writer, then a boy of sixteen, had charge 01 tne nrst operations ever concluded on this continent In washing tor rubies and sapphires. The distinction between tho gem sapphire and the coor irereial product corundum I3 ex pre'ed by Professor James U. Dana in his "Manual of Geology," fourth edition, 1895, at page 64, as follows: or rwudimt, A I o.yygpn 40.8. aluminum i iiiuJt.

loo. Tli': crystal nr'f thr. hardest of gi'ios nixt to the diamond tin, blue transparent are the red rrystalM oriental rnhy ami i.r cr material "when Sround makes rmcry. The corundum are hir.o in number, and are by ihe prefix oriental" three reasons: First, because obtained from time immemorial from the orient; second, because certain gems bearing the same names are of different chemical composition; third, because of their superior brilliancy and hardness. They are called the oriental ruby.

Rofct. L. Livingston, Thos. Jefferson, RenJ. Franklin.

Richard Stockton, Frana. 41. Oliver Wolcott, 42. John Hancock, 43. George Ross, 44.

George Read, 45. John Hart. John Witherspoon 48. Edward Rutledge, Samuel Huntington. 47.

Thos. McKean. William Williams, 4S. Phillip Livingston. Sherman, Robert L.

Livingston, Thomas University of Pennsylvania, occurs the following passage in reference to the discover ies of 1S71 in North Carolina: Colonel Jenks Is a fortunate man In bclngr the first modern miner of the aluminum gems and in having It thus put in his power to disprove the theory of Button, Sir Samuel Baker, Professor J. Lawrence Smith, Professor King and others, name ly, that the precious sapphire, ruby and emerald cannot be expected to appear where the amor phous masses or unchrystalllne forms of the amor eral corundum obtain; and vice versa, that cor undum for commerce cannot be got from rocks which yield the preslous gems. On the contrary. we have seen beautiful and costly sapphires mined by him from umong amorphous masses of corundum in North Carolina. Professor David Forbes of London, the noted mineralogist, who in 1872 stood second to no man In Europe as a practical mining engineer, wrote In that year to Colonel Jenks: As to the gems of ruby, sapphire and emerald contained in your mines in North Carolina and Georgia, I should feel Justified in going further than the gentleman whose views you have given me.

Were the properties mine 1 should feel in their development the confident and certain expectation of uncovering the most valuable stones of corundum. I have seen some most valuable gems of this material, one especially, valued at 60.009 pounds sterling. Nothing Is wanting in the specimens you have shown me from North Carolina, insure the highest value, but freedom from lamination. This peculiarity Is a characteristic of all corundum gem localities known. But you have this advantage over all others; your gems are in place, you havo them in the vein rock, an occurrence I have no knowledse of heretofore.

All the indications are thus In your favor. Tou are for. tunate In the vein rock, also, it being the soft rlpidollte and JefTresite, most favorable for a perfect gem formation. Professor Forbes was the authority consulted by American capitalists In the Arizona diamond excitement and hi3 advice saved millions of dollars to those who sought it. About oner hundred sapphires and rubles were taken out and cut from the mines (In North Carolina and Georgia during thfee months of washing within the personal knowledge of the writer, although this washing was but incidental to the production of a commercial article of corundum.

In addition there were found cabinet specimens of ruby, sapphire and emerald which were purchased by collectors in this and other countries and were never cut. Numbers of these specimens are treasured by the British museum, the leading American colleges and many private collectors. The panic of 1872 and 1873 suddenly closed the mines and in consequence of the death of one ot the prime movers of the enterprise the properties were in litigation for a number of years thereafter. Since that time the commercial conditions governing the production of corundum as an abrasive in competition with emery have been such as to discourage its mining and it Is probable that this accounts for the fact that no very valuable accidental discoveries of gems within the area already described have been made. Until recently no systematic washing for corundum gems had been attempted since 1873 In North Carolina or Georgia, although is a fact that several hundred karats of rubles and sapphires are annually obtained by natives within tho corundum bearing area.

These gems are picked up in beds of streams below the veins, or on the dumps of old corundum workings after heavy rains, and are handled In the rough, mostly through local dealers, or sold to collectors. Their Identity therefore in most cases lost, for they do not pass through the ordinary channels of trade, as is the case with the foreign supply. An experience covering twenty five years in the corundum fields of North Carolina and Georgia, and the sapphire fields of Montana. including a careful study and comparison of the results obtained in all the gem fields of the world, has satisfied the writer that there no reason, geological or otherwise, why the corundum gem deposits of the Alleghanles may not prove equal In value, and perhaps of greater Importance, than those of the old world. Within this gem area traversed by the mineral belt are also found other precious stones, among them the diamond, hiddenite or lithia emerald, amethyst, beryl, opal and rose garnets of rare beauty; while associated with the corundum gems are its companions the workings of the other hemisphere, the red, pink and blue spinels, zircons, moonstones, tourmalines and other valuable and interesting varieties.

Yet such is the lack of information among those whose commercial interests are most nearly allied to this subject, and among mining engineers, that the lands which include the commercial corundum and gem deposits of tho Blue Ridge are held a price only slightly In oxcesa of ordinary timber and farming areas. FIGHTING BY PROCLAMATION. "What is it this time, Eph?" asked the Judge as he dismissed court and turned to the venerable man of color, who is a frequent visitor. "I'se aftah a little moah law, Jedgo. Dat nelghbah ob mine has been rilln' me up awful agin." "What's the matter this time?" "Well, sab, he's got up a papah wid a whereas, dis community has boen disturbed want' to skcer dat 'strepe rous coon out'ob his boots.

I'se going to say that my boys and do Doys on (10 otitier side od me km shoot off, flahcraekeli3, revolvers, guns, dynamite and nltro gllsroen. Den I'm goln' to add dat dey kin hab a cyclone and earfquake in de ebenin' and close de performance with one of dese heah waterspouts." "That's a great programme." "Of course, it am. I'll make dat coon think de wort' am comin' to an on'. You'll see him an' his family takin' to do woods about do night ob tho third. I'll show him about glt tln' out his resolutes and his whereazeses.

He's been a punchln' his stick In de wrong cage, Judge. I'll git out a proclamashing dat will make his halah turn gray. Dat's what I will. Dertrolt Free Press. xie nas a Dig pne or gold laia up, and he fj wants his money to have the best spending power.

ne seems to care little for and to accomplish his ends he makes flow like water. His life at Washington has annually cost him ten times his salary. He gave one single dinner upon which he spent more than $12,000, and his wife is, perhaps, one of the most lavish entertainers of the United States. Still. I was told in Lima, from whence Brice came, a year or two ego, that when he was married he had to his watch to pay the expenses of his wedding trip.

He was, you know, the son of a Presbyterian parson, and was so poor that i. when he went from his homo to college he walked a part of the distance to save the expenses of a stage. Now he is worth no one knows how many millions, and his nerve is such it is said he can make or lose a fortune, to use the expression of one of his friends, "without batting an eye." Cal Brice Is a. man of much ability. He Is more of a developer of properties than a wrecker of them, and though he euchered the Vander bilts, they say.

as to the Nickel Plate rail road, he has built up many good properties. i. He told me not long ago that Campbell of Ohio would make a good presidential candi date, and said he (Brice) did not want the presidency himself, because he had too much business on hand, and he had noticed that the White House bee got into a man's hair his business brains usually flew out of his ears. Eookwalter of Ohio. Another Ohio millionaire who will strut across the Chicago stage is John W.

Book TV alter of Springfield. Book waiter has L'iCtmassed a big pile in manufacturing and Inventing. He makes farm implements, and is, I am told, worth his millions. He came r. from Indiana, where he was brought up on a farm.

At 23 he struck out for himself, and now, having made his fortune, he amuses his leisure by playing at farming on a large scale. Among other properties he has a r. sixty thousand acre tract of land in Nebras England at Hackney and Westminster schools ana graduated at Cambridge. His earliest appearance In public was as signer of the colonial paper money. Lyman Hall, born ia Connecticut in 1731.

entered Yale college at 18 and after taking his degree studied medicine. On the completion of his studies he removed to South Carolina, but the sams year located in Georgia and entered upon a successful practice. Button Gwlnett, bom in England In 1732. He emigrated from Bristol in 1770 to South Carolina and two years after settled in Georgia. Throueh Dr.

Hall, it is said, he became an advocate ui. i ue colonies. George Walton, born in Frederick county, to 1740 nw carpenter's apprentice, seeking knowledge in hours stolen from sleep, by the light of a Pine knot, he acquired an eminent position in the Georgia bar and on the bench To sum up. It will be seen that 'nearly one half of the the legal profession; thirteen or them were planters or farmer nir, i mer chants, five physicians. a clergyman; one a mariner, nnrt voyor.

Many of them were engaged in mini eiu pursuits, ana nearly all were more or less interested in agriculture. A cniflM. majority appear to have been professional men. ine youngest member of the singera was 27, the eldest 70 years of ae T3 4 U1UII of the singers were in the most vigorous sea son ol me rorty two out of flfty slx being between the ages of 30 and 50 vnrH t. average age in July, 1776, was 43 years.

To tms comoinatlon of the ardor of youth, has it been said, with the vigor of matured manhood and the caution of experienced age may we ascribe the enterprise, energy and wisdom of those councils which elicited the elo gium of Chatham, Becured for a feeble people the confidence of sovereignties, and founded a nation whoso presence occupies nearly half a hemisphere and whose power and influence are felt and respected throughout tha world. It would he a difficult task to collect In public life examples In the face of danger, and under tribulations, of lives so illustrious and happy. Not one of all that sacred band died.with a stain upon his name. The annals of tho world can present no political body, the lives of whose members, minutely traced, exhibit so much of the zeal of the patriot! dignified by virtues of the man. Though wo have made some departures from the simplicity and honest zeal for the welfare of th nation which existed in those days, chiefly perhaps by the more general distribution of wealth and consequent growth of luxury and extravagance; though some men delegated with power have forgot right; that many have pursued" their own Interested views to the detriment of their country and corruption has prevailed, our fathers left to us with this blrthrignt ot liberty a corrective which no other people possesses, In the force of public opinion; in the freedom of the press, and in the power of the ballot.

These are blessings never sufficiently esteemedthe day ia happy for calling them to remembrance. Let each American to day renew within his heart the pledges given by the men of '76, to ths principles which they established; cement his faith to the constitution which they and their compatriots erected and consecrated. Then shall our land take her proper place among the nations of the earth; then shall gather around her altar emancipated millions; then shall her Institutions rest on political truth, having public morals fl nd rrf vate worth for its base, and from now on to the remotest end of time she shall proclaim to the world tho bouI Inspiring theme that all men are created free and equal, and sndowed by their Creator with certain natural and Inalienable rights, among which ar life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." A. G. GEDNBY.

OW A PEN TRAVE LS. It Is a known fact that a rapid writer writes thirty words per minute. It has been estimated that in doing so he must draw his pen through a space of a rod every sixty seconds. He makes an average of sixteen curves of the pen every word written. Writing thirty words per minute he makes eight pon curves each second, or 28,800 per hour.

If he works only five hours per day he must daily give his pen 144,000 twists and flourishes, and if he puts in 300 dayB a year he makes no less than 43,200,000 curves and turns of the Dea In that time. Chicago Record. IjjK ka. Of this forty thousand acres are under cultivation, ana in good years Bookwalter produces as much as 150.000 bushels of wheat at a single season. He farms his land through lessees, each whom has 160 acres, and it is his idea eventually to build a town in the center of this big farm and to manage It on tho French plan, making a model country vtown out of it.

Bookwalter Is something of a presidential candidate and he Is ana nf a'Viftaa man nvi 1. wiuiii ii is hot. sale to prophesy. He is in his fifties and is stil'l Itf ta. the very prime of life.

I don't think he has ever held any public office, but he has ixiwii: cAjciiciiLt! Liiun me average pon Bfestician. He is a man of broad gauge ideas is one or tne most cultured and traveled men of the Democratic party. He has been ell over Europe, has taken a trip around the world and knows the United States like a He is conservative on the monev oues tlon and his strength in Ohio is such that he make an available candidate. rn. ri wu vuiiicucraiB generals.

There "will be a big contingent here from fcV.the South. Some of the most striking P.g ures on the political stage are Southern Dem hu. ArfWW VJ1 11112111. Imagine a man of six feet dressed in black Let him have a face bearing all rarest known, it makes tnls specimen a very 1 wid frowin balls and stones and cursln' and valuable one." sweahin' and makln' faces through de fences, Harry Emanuel, one of the first European derefore, resolved dat If dere be more dan free authorities on gems, says regarding erner 1 windows broken in dls row In any one con aids: "I know of but one corundum emerald secutlve week, de boys responsible derefore. now (1872) in existence.

It Is the rarest of all shall be 'rested and gems and tho most valuable." I "Well?" Yet the writer has seen specimens taken 1 "Dat means my boys. Now, I wants to git from several localities in North Carolina, out a Fourth o' July proclamashlng and tack uf corundum emerald locked In its native 1 It up all ober my premises, sah. Is dey anv matrix, some of which If they could be lib i law 'gin crated without flaw or fracture, would bo "No, not if you say that you will keep worth five times as much as a diamond of I within the constitution of the United States the hrst water and of the same size. and defer to any proclamation Mayor Plncree In a paper read by Colonel Jenks before I may issue." the Massachusetts Institute of Technoloerv. "nf rraimt.

T'o Uit 0 Bayous nalr be as black as was that of John isootn wnen ne jumped out ot the vPresident box in lord theater at Wash Llngton. Let the man's face be florid, but let rjevery nne ae iun 01 culture, i ut mm on Siuwura mm icl nun move uuoui who dignity i eftom one place to another and you have Sen W. Daniel of Virginia, the "liver tongued orator of the South, the opponent jfcjOf President Cleveland and the great advo awtcu? ui irtwj eiiver. ne is one 01 tne oraimest id bravest, as well as one of the kindest of bur public men, and did you know him well ie might tell you, as he did mo the other day. how.

he got the wounds which so crippled him. ie went into the faouthern army as a bov Band had risen, I think, to be adjutant general mutt lit? was 30 uuuiy siiui. trie was Sliding his horse and a cannon ball took awav Skjrportlon of his thigh. He fell and lay for Ome time in the midst of the battle until of his own soldierB who was also wounded agged him behind a log. There the two lay pgether for more than half an hour with the lie said: "I shall show you to night some of Kuiua vjiil nave uwli louiia in isortn Carolina on the surface, In the beds of anis, at depths of from ten to seventy live fi.

at, yet 3, 000 feet above sea level. Some were in their native matrix of rlpldoilto between hanging and foot walls of serpentine apparently undi turbed, and yet with all. the appearance of water action; some as clear perfect crystals with outlines as sharp as though created but yesterday; others as transparent nodules, as found In Ceylon and elsewhere. Others were found singly or In groups locked up in geodes of chlorite from the size of a hen's egg to a fifty pound shot; others still in pockets or partially changed or decaying schists of mica or talc." In an article by J. Peter Lesley of the.