The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 34

TREND: A SECTION OF THE BROOKLYN EAGLE SUNDAY, APRIL 23, 1939 What Is This Thing Called Jazz? WPA to Give Two Concerts Here Overtones At the Art Galleries First Authorarive Analysis of American 'Musical Language' Presented in Stimulating And Valuable Book by Winthrop Sargeant Oils and Watercolors of Jongkind Are on View at Carroll Corstairs The Sculptors Guild Holds a Splendid Outdoor Exhibition Other New Shows By A. Z. KRUSE Johann Barthold Jongkind, the Dutch painter who joined the Bar-blzon pioneers ln France, is having his first American solo exhibition at the Carroll Carstalrs Galleries, HE. 57th Manhattan. In the company of the esthetic trail blazers of Barbizon, Jongkind inevitably came under the spell of the faults and virtues indigenous to all By MILES KASTENDIECK Two score years go, it was a score of years ago, it was now, it is but fundamentally it has been the same thing til along a musical dialect essentially American.

Just what this thing called Jazz really is has only recently been dealt with from a clinical point of view. It has remained for Winthrop Sargeant, musician, onetime critic for the Brooklyn Eagle and now music editor of Time, to put the semicolon in all these flutterings and ravings as well as explanations and to produce an authoritative study of the subject in "Jazz Hot and Hybrid," published by Arrow Editions. It is an excellent book. Because of its lucid writing, admirable or avy, Qoodelman, DeCreeft, Mark Friedman and Alice Decker. Brooklyn Music Academy of Magic Tuesday Apollo Club, at 8:30.

Friday Federal Symphony Orchestra, at 8:30. Saturday Federal Symphony Orchestra, at 8:30. Manhattan Music Carnegie Hall Today Philharmonic-Symphony Society, at 3: Jenkins Artists Choir, at 8:30. Tomorrow National Orchestral Association, at 8:45. Tuesday Brico Symphony Orchestra, at 8:45.

Wednesday Philadelphia Orchestra, at 8:45. Thursday Philharmonic-Symphony Society, at 8:45. Friday Philharmonic-Symphony Society, at The Dessoff Choir, at 8:30. Saturday Philharmonic-Symphony Society, at 8:45. Town Han Today Alumni Association of Juilliard Graduate School, at All-Hindemlth Concert, at 8:30.

Tomorrow Ensemble Choral Society, at 8:30. Wednesday Konstantin Sadko, tenor, at 8:30. Friday Pius Choir, at 8:30. Saturday Vassar College Choir, at 8:30. ganization, convincing and thorough discission, it may be considered the first in ts field.

But, what is perhaps more important to the average reader, it is a distinctly readable book not only on a phenomenon belonging particularly to this century but also on a mass expression quite unavoidable at the present time. Even in its most technical pans, it should hold interest if one may pick out on the piaso with one finnor tha mlicipal HVfltnnlpt t.hntj clinch many of the author's points. Gone is the time when people can look down their noses of raise their eyebrows at Jazz. It has Its proper place and it holds possibilities for development from the point of view of serious artistic consideration. As the author points out: "It is obvious, nevertheless, that Jazz does respond in several ways to what Is loosely spoken of as the 'American psychology' The spontaneous, improvisatory aspect of Jazz is remarkably adapted to the musical needs of a pragmatic, pioneering people." Jazz has always been either overrated or underrated as It has developed logically over a period of half a century.

That "its sources lie imbedded in the American soil, fed by generations of America's most patient peasantry, the Negroes of the rural South," is no longer news, but how it has taken root and pushed its way above the ground and grown along with the present century is news. Mr. Sergeant's analysis from the purely musical point of view gives credence to its folk basis through evidence pre sented from recordings of actual church services among rural sur roundings in addition to other spontaneous utterances. It is necessary to distinguish between the Jazz that is "hot," more purely NegTOid and more improvisatory, and that which is "hybrid," the dance and amusement Jazz of the American people as a whole. "On the one hand we have the chatter and sales talk of individual Jazz artists and their press agents and hysterical admirers; on the lkaasaBssaefeiM kl ifcsssssssasssissssisesaassssd Vimii At'4 imi i mm Records in Review Moussorgsky Anniversary WPA Will Present Myra Hess and Walter Gieseking Heard in Schumann and Beethoven Works Kate Smith And Bing Crosby Sing 'God Bless America' For lovers of piano music the April list of recordings offer a pair of top-ranking artists playing two works which represent the best in music for the piano.

Beethoven's "Waldsteln" Sonata No. 21 in major has been recorded for Columbia by Walter Gieseking and Schumann's "Carnival," played by Myra Hess, can be heard on Victor discs. art cults and colonies; he was ln- fluencing and being influenced That Is why some ot his oils are reminiscent of Pissaro, Boudin or Dupre. However, he made annual visits to his homeland and there received inspiration for his famous moonlight, windmill and sailboat subjects. His oils display sound craft knowledge and an understanding of salable picture building.

In his watercolors we find Jong kind not only pioneering but suc cessfully attaining a buoyant brush and an airy color quality which place him in an artistic domain uniquely his own. His "Moulin a Rotterdam," "Nevers 2 Sepembre," 'Route de Village Nievre," "Le Chateau dans la Nievre" and "St. Clair" have cheerfulness of vision, which, coupled with well disciplined composition, are fine examples of pure watercolor, vigorously handled, Space limit does not permit a lengthy eulogy on the merits of the superb treasures among the other 30-odd aquarelles. The Sculptors Guild, holding Its second outdoor exhibition at Park Ave. and 39th St.

(until May 31) renders its members a distinct serv ice by showing their works in a garden setting. We are in hearty accord with the Sculptors Guild suggestion that there be "a definite department ln press criticism devoted to the understanding and review of sculpture as a distinct art expression." Saul Baizerman, ln his abstrac tion, "Machine Man," proves that mass pattern can be forceful with' out being either overrealistlc or un intelligibly abstract. Maldarelli's The Competitors" is a strongly uni fied group design of three horses. Chaim Gross' well known wood carving, "Balancing," Is shown here cast in shiny bronze and looks even more attractive in this medium than it does ln the wood. An extraordinary Interpretation ln plaster of "Lincoln, Symbol of Unity," by Louis Slobodkin, will be enlarged for the World's Fair to a height of 15 feet.

Joyousness and gaiety completely envelop the Inno cent and carefree little head of Davey by Vincent Glinsky. Because she sculpts as well as she does, Dorothea Greenbaum has achieved a truly "plgs-olated" qual ity ln "Rooting Hog." Zorach's "Em brace" is so immense in both quality and quantity that we dare to won der if lt were placed beside a Jacob Epstein of similar composition and size which one would weaken ln the presence of the other. Other sculptors exhibiting are Polygnotos Vagis, Nat Werner, Wheelock, Wolff, Scaravagllone, Montague, Laurent, Hebald, Hark- Philadelphians End New York Season The Philadelphia Orchestra will conclude Its 21st season in New York in Carnegie Hall next Wednesday evening, April 26, with a program featuring the Coolidge String Quar tet and directed by Eugene Or- mandy. The orchestral numbers will be Joseph Haydn's Symphony ln major; "Tapiola," a tone-poem for Orchestra by Jan Sibelius, and Jacques Ibert's "Escales." The work to be presented by the Coolidge String Quartet will be Nicolal Berezowsky's "Toccata, Va riations and Finale for String Quartet and Orchestra," Opus 23. The work is dedicated to Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, whose name Is bestowed upon the Quartet and who sponsored Mr.

Berezowsky's first published work. Mr. Berezowsky is second violinist of the Coolidge Quartet and thus appears at this concert ln the double capacity of composer and performer. William Kroll, a native of New York City, is the first violinist; the viola player Is Nicholas Moldavan, for many seasons a member of the Flonzaley Quartet, and the violin' cellist is 21-year-old Victor Gott lleb, a former member of the Phila delphia Orchestra. Evening of Dance at Brooklyn Y.

W. C. A. A modern dance evening with group demonstrations is planned at Central Branch of the Brooklyn Y. W.

C. 30 3d Ave, for Monday, April 24, at half past eight o'clock. The program will include groups of dancers from New York University under the direction of Martha Hill, and from Sarah Lawrence College under the direction of Bessie Schon-berg, both assisted by Norman Lloyd. Admission will be 15 cents to Y. W.

O. A. members and 25 cents to othera, is wc "ujThe Jazz artist needs little study profounder thing-a new musical and any workmanshlp ln the language growing from the cane-1 sense Ued serious Ke-oly-fw? t-i infinn tiDA, if Emll Ganso's work is to be seen in a strong comprehensive exhi bition at the Weyhe Gallery until May 6. There is no question that Ganso a top-ranking contemporary ar tist. He is further a regular walking encyclopedia of the media of pictorial expression and their tech nical application.

The same pro ficient craftsmanship is to be found in his oils and watercolors as in his etching, lithographs and woodcuts. His "Coast of Maine" (colored lithograph) necessitated the superimposed printing of five stones. It is not only typical of his personal style, but Is precise ln the land characteristics of this section of the country. "Brickyard. Evening" and "After glow" are extremely well arranged and Idealized landscapes.

They are efficiently executed in a mixed technique of tempera and oil. Ganso's sweeping line radiations are purely creative. Such conceptions, are never to be found ready-made ln nature. Among the pure watercolors are "Apple Blossoms," "Portsmouth," "Astoria," an exquisite Winter village scene, "Logging" and "Black Tom Island," with a dilapidated derrick and a railroad track, relics of former activity. There are several opaque watercolors (gouache) which show Ganso in full artistic strength in a variety of subject matter.

"Morning" is the most important nude he ever exhibited. It Is set in a gorgeously painted breakfast room glowing with morning light. Sutton Gallery, 358 E. 57th is featuring an April Art Variety Show. Among the prominent contributing exhibitors are Charles Curran, EiLshemius and Ann Goldth-walte.

Nathan Hoffman, the director of this co-operative gallery, himself an artist, is showing a professional portrait, "Miss Ellis Wilson's "Watermelon Vendors" is well painted with sympathetic under standing. Lebduska has two splendid canvases ln his familiar decorative, modernistic manner. Maurice Klsh's large and powerful "Coal Towers" Is perhaps the outstanding work ln the show. Bradford Perln, in "Informal Visit," shows up as a highly gifted painter. Stella Buchwald, Dave Dorenz, Morris Kallem, Helen Tomklns, Bernard Zola' and Nicholas Louisl help make this an interesting exhibition.

Katherine Rauch to Sing At Settlement Katherine Rauch, soprano who began her singing career at the age of eight as a member of the choir of the St. Matthias Church ln Ridgewood, and has since sung ln plays and operettas in churches throughout Brooklyn, will be soloist with the Federal Chamber Orchestra of New York City in a concert at the Playhouse of the Henry St. Settlement, next Wednesday, April 26 at 8:45 p.m. CONCERTS BROOKLYN ELIJAII PLYMOUTH ORATORML CHOIB Urarj Plohl, Conductor Bromon Rrn, Orfanlit FEATURING Mmrk Lort, tin Baritone Chicago Opera Alice Georft, Soprano; Lydla Summers, Contralto; John Jameon, Tenor PLYMOUTH CHURCH of the PILORIMg 57 Orann Brooklyn Hclrhts FRIDAY, APRIL t. 8:20 P.M.

SI, SOo On Sale at 15 Hleka Street MUSIC MANHATTAN BARBLROLLL Condnetor CARNEGIE HALL THIS AFTERNOON at Sololit: ADOLF BUSCH Vlollnlrt DUBENSKY: Bolte, "Anne 1800" BEETHOVEN: Violin Concerto SCHUBERT: Symphony No. 7 (Stetnwan Piano) Arthur Judson, Mit. TOWN HALL Wed. Evf St 8:30, AprU SADKO KONSTANTIN RUSSIAN TENOR (Sfrtnipgy) judeonMrt. CARNEGIE HALL APRIL 2S.

TM. DESSOFF CHOIRS PAUL BOEPPLE, Conductor MOTET SINGERS CARL WEINRICH, OriranUt New Friends el Musio Orchestra, OPERA MANHATTAN N. T. World's Fair Metrop. Opera Season 4Ji METROPOLITAN LOHENGRIN mmrs 45.

MEISTER8IN0ER; Mr st 8:30, RHEIN. OOLO: Hnn si 8.WALKURE; st7JJ.8IEOFRIED;Frl..Msyl2.sl7:S'1.00TTER. DAMMERUNQ; Jl Mry 15. St 8. TRISTAN U.

ISOLDE: Msr 17. st 7:15. CARSIFALl 23. at 8. TRISTAN U.

ISOLDE. KNABK PIANO USED XXCLUSIVsUJr v. America, aliening every stratum oi American society, a language certainly capable of expressing deeper matters than those which occupy the world of sophisticated entertainment." Tin Pan Alley has corn- mercialized the "sweet" Jazz, while me oiner, uK uia Man Kiooer, just keeps movin' along. The basic in gredients of this "new musical lan- Upper, Itft to riht Hilda Burke, ioIoJit wltfi the Brooklyn Apollo Club, ot Hie Academy of Music next Tuesday evsning. Josef Hofmenn, pionist, and John Barbirolli, conductor of the Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, appearing in opening concert of the Music Festival in the Hall of Music at the opening of the World of Tomorrow Fair, Flushing, next Sunday night.

Rudolf Sarkin, piano soloist, with the Philharmonic-Symphony at Carnegie Hall next Thursday, Friday and Sunday, closing the season. Lower, left to right Nicolai Bere-sowsky, whose "Toccata, Variations and Finale for String Quartet and Orchestra" will be played next Wednesday night at Carnegie Hall with the Philadelphia Orchestra (Mr. Beresowsky is second violinist with the Coolidge Quartet which will play with the orchestra). Eugene Plotni- koff, conductor of the Federal Sym phony Orchestra, which will give two concerts at the Brooklyn Academy of Music Friday and Saturday of this week. Philharmonic Final Week Busch and Serkin Will Be Heard in Beethoven Concert! The Philharmonic-Symphony Society ends Its 97th season next Sunday afternoon at Carnegie Hall.

That evening the orchestra will play the inaugural concert of the New York World's Fair at the Hall of Music on the Fair Grounds. Adolf Busch is the soloist this aft ernoon, playing the Beethoven Violin Concerto. John Barblrolll opens the program with a Suite for String Orchestra called "Anno 1600" by Arcady Dubensky and closes it with the Schubert Seventh Symphony. Dubensky, who plays in the second violin section of the orchestra, is well known as a composer. His works include "Fugue for Eighteen Violins," Caprice for Piccolo-Flute," "Russian Bells," "Tom Sawyer Overture," "Romance with Double-Bass." "The Raven" and "Gossips" have been recorded by Victor.

Dubensky joined the New York Symphony in 1922 and became a member of the Philharmonic-Symphony when the two orchestras merged in 1928. His son Leo has also been a member of the second violin section since the season 1931-32. Rudolf Serkin will be soloist at the Thursday-Friday pair of concerts in the Beethoven Major Piano Concerto. The program will be introduced by Stravinsky's Suite from "Pulclnella" for Small Orchestra, as lt was originally written. The Cesar Franck Symphony will occupy the second half of the program.

The Saturday evening concert will be devoted to music of Wagner the Overture to "Rienzl," Venusberg Music from "Tannhauser," Prelude and Finale from "Tristan and Isolde," the Ride of the Valkyries, "A Siegfried Idyl," and excerpts from "Die The final subscription concert of the season will begin at 3:20 p.m. (Daylight Saving Time) Instead of 3 o'clock because of the broadcast officially opening the World's Fair by President Roosevelt, which will not conclude until 3:20. Serkin will again be soloist, playing on this occasion the Piano Concerto No. 1 in minor of Mendelssohn. The orchestra will be heard ln the Prelude to "Die Melsterslnger" and the First Symphony of Brahms, substance of this book.

man emotlon lt gim a meaningful account of some of the shallows." One may hazard the opinion that I The true nature of jazz is some-since "In the beginning was impro-j thing that should be of interest to vksation," we may have completed every American. This book states a cycle and are again embarked on the case as succinctly as lt records a totally new musical voyage of and explains the new musical lan-which these past 40 years are ln guage that may well be a contribu-t 1 ves only a beginning, tion of American civilization, for lt Whereas the previous cycle began! is only in the beginning stage, with purely vocal expression, the of view, was already well on the Another observation is to the effect that the saxophone was "a familiar enough Instrument for playing outdoors long before it achieved the prominence that It holds today in connection with jazz orchestration." Still another state ment points out that "as this book goes to press the term swing is being universally applied to a ubiq uitous variety of noise in which real improvisation has about as much place as It has a logarithimic table." Finally, Gershwin's "Rhap sody in Blue" was "melodious but technically inept." The Intelligent music-lover recog nizes that Jazz Is an interesting as well as a stimulating type of music It is not art: it is natural Mrnressinn posers. What he works out "does not necessarUy Mt lntemgence. lit may, in fact, be laid down as a general rule that the more intelli. gent he is the worse his jazz, and vice versa Where the sonata is a drama, iazz Is merplv con- Unu0M performance of vaudeville." But jazz nas clalms tion for its definite quality of vi tality.

If it "does not attempt to Dessoff Choirs Give Second Concert The second concert of the season of the Dessoff Choirs will be next AprU 2g Canle. ie wtii, the New Prlends of Music wiU wlth i tnem. The nroeram includes a Maanifi- I cat in the sixth mode, by Victoria; a Motet by Gabriel! for women's by de Lassus; the Hymnus Sym- Phontcus- bv Mr' Ernst the Swiss composer and conductor and Planlst- which nBVe lts firs formance ln America; and a Can tata by Buxtehude. The concert will wlm the Mldcm-hearjJ "Ves- perae Solennes De by Mozart. Youth Concert A Springtime concert by 160 young I plfi from the BrookIyn Home for Children, 141 S.

3d St, assisted by Thomas Moore, baritone, and di rected by Edward C. Havens, for 35 years organist and choirmaster of 1 the South Third Street Presbyterian Church, will be given in the church at Driggs Ave. and S. 3d on Tuesday evening at 8:30 o'clock. The program will be half secular and half sacred, including outstandingmusic in both fields, and closing with the Hallelujah Chorus, Program of His Works At Brooklyn Academy The WPA Federal Music Project will observe the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Russian composer Modesto Moussorgsky with an orchestral and vocal program of his works next" Saturday evening, April 29, at the Academy of Music.

This program calls to mind an error of long standing recently brought to light regarding the birth date of Moussorgsky. Grove's "Dic tionary of Music and Musicians" records the composer as having been born ln 1835, but research con ducted by the musicologist, Nicolas Slonlmsky. revealed the date was 1839 Just a century ago. For this concert, Eugene Plotnl' koff, born ln Russia and acquainted with Moussorgsky, will conduct the Federal Symphony Orchestra of New York City and the Federal Opera Company, assisted by five so lolsts, all of Russian extraction. Max Panteleieff, bass-baritone, formerly of the world-touring RUS' slan Opera Company, will be soloist ln one of his acknowledged special' ties, the "Coronation Scene" from "Boris Godounov." He will also appear with the chorus in the "Death Scene" from the same opera, along with Nicholas Karlash, bass; Eflm Konoff, tenor, and Helen Chawdarow, alto.

Maria Maruchess, mezzo-soprano, will be heard in two excerpts, "Marfa's Aria" from the grand opera. "Khowanstchina" and "Ho-pak" from the comic opera "The Fair at Sorochlnsk." With the opera chorus she also will be soloist ln the seldom-performed "Joschua based on Hebraic themes. In the purely orchestral phase of the program two compositions will be performed for the first time ln America. These are the "Scherzo in Flat Major" and the "Intermezzo, Other orchestral works are the "March Solennelle," "Persian Dances" from "Khowanstchina," Prelude and "Gopak" from "The Fair at Sorochlnsk," and Rimsky Korsakoff's orchestration of the fantasy "A Night on the Bald Mountain." An all-Liszt concert by the Fed' eral Symphony Orchestra under the same conductor will be presented at the Academy of Music on Friday evening. Harold Morris, composer-pianist, and Colin O'More will be soloists for the program.

Mr. Morris will be heard ln the Piano Concerto No. 1 ln Flat Major. Mr. O'More will sing the "Sonetto, 104 di Petrar ca" and the Faust Symphony, in which he will be assisted by the male singers of the FederaJ Opera Company.

The remaining selection Is the symphonlo poem, "Lea b. Gieseking's artistic versatility has been the subject of comment in this column before and lt is with no diminution of enthusiasm that it reports on his interpretation of Beethoven. The agitated mood, of the opening allegro, the dramatic qualities of sudden contrast harmonic and dynamic, these typically Bee-thovenesque traits are handled with proper vigor and in perfect taste. In the subdued adagio the pianist communicates the profundity of the composer's utterance with genuine poetic feeling. So he proceeds to the lovely and tender theme of the rondo, which is played with almost feminine grace.

The externals of Gieseking's art are, as usual, ravish' lng to the ear. From the ringing, robust sonori ties of his fortissimo passages straight through the dynamic gamut to the rippling Mozartlan sparkle which emerges even ln whispered portions his tone Is crystal clear and full of color. It is not felt that the recording does entire justice to the piano ln some loud passages, Quoting from the Oxford diction' ary "Romantic: Given to romance, Imaginative, visionary, fantastic, preferring grandeur, plcturesqueness or passion or Irregular beauty to finish and proportion." "Sentimental: Prone to shallow emotion; designed to excite or gratify the softer emotions." The reason for citing these defl' nitions: Schumann's "Carnaval" can almost be described as a keystone to musical Romanticism. It Is a dl rect reflection of Schumann's state of mind when, through his Jour nallstic efforts of 100 years ago, he was molding the Romantic move' ment in European music. It is therefore deplorable that a pianist who is so noted for her sincerity of purpose and her excellence of taste should inject elements of the senti mental into her interpretation.

Perhaps certain exaggerted effects may be put down as manifestations of the feminine approach. Tech nically and tonally Miss Hess' per formance Is admirable in every way. As a sort of nationalistic Buck' U-Uppo tonic Irving Berlin recently wrote a ballad for Kate Smith en titled "God Bless America." Kate has sung It already a dozen or more times on the air and can now be heard on a Victor record of the same song with 'TTie Star-Spangled Banner" on the reverse side. The same combination Is sung by Bing Crosby, whose sentimental vocal quirks are out of place in this Decca recording. For swing fans the latest fare in cludes Artie Shaw's Bluebird record of "Prosschal," a good Shaw offer' lng; Bob Crosby's band doing good individual work in a Dixieland ver slon of "Stomp Off, Let's Go' (Decca), and Red Nichols'-rather mediocre "The King Kong" (Blue bird).

For dancing Nano Rodrigo gives real Latin treatment to Cole Por ter's "Begin the Begulne" (Victor); Ted Flo Rlto offers a danceable double of "How Strange" and "For Every Lonely Heart" (Decca) Gray Gordon's Tic-Toe Rhythm is heard ln a serviceable version of "I Can't Get You Out of My Mind" (Victor). Ted Weems comes out of hiding with "The Chestnut Tree" or the ro mance of the smithy's daughter and The Ghost of Piccolo Pete, a slightly haunted alteration of the original with, some excellent tweet ing (Decco). All Hindemith Concert At Town Hall Tonight An all-Hlndemlth program, with the composer Paul Hindemith as so loist, will be presented at Town Hall tonight. Two new compositions will receive their world premieres. The composer will perform on the viola and piano, and will be assisted by the Laurent Woodwind Quintet of Boston; the Motet Singers di' rected by Paul Boepple; Jesus Maria Sanroma and Lydla Hoffmann-Beh- rendt, pianists; Richard Burgln, violinist, and Jean Bedettl, 'cellist, The first of the two premieres will be a sonata lor viola and piano, in three movements, which the com poser will play with Mr.

Sanroma at the piano. The second will be a quartet for clarinet, violin, 'cello and piano, also ln three movements. A third composition, a piano so nata for four hands, will have its first performance in America, and will be played by Mr. Hindemith and Mme. Hoffmann-Behrendt.

The composer, who has been the focal point of musical dissension for almost two decades, is now an exile from his native country. Pre-Hltler theater managers vied for the priv ilege of being the first to present his opera, "Cardillac," in Berlin. The Nazis today appraise his music "degenerate." present one is primarily concerned with instrumental expression. Ragtime was chiefly improvised on the piano and transferred to the pianola nickel in the slot and all that. Jazz and swing are in like manner the expression of orchestras dissem inated far and wide by phonograph and radio.

In all of this Tin Pan Alley is Just a byproduct. The Negroid contribution is threefold: rhythmic, melodic and Harmonic. Polyrhythms appear to be essentially what we speak of as theivoicM Mli strms: two compositions iazz idiom. "When Dlavers. dancers and audiences alike are hanging desperately to their sense of rhytlv mie orientation on one hand and are violently disturbing it (or lis tening to it being violently dis the other, the result is turbed) on Jazz in its purest form." The "blues" scale is the Negro's unique product.

From this come the melodic and harmonic influences. The White Influence Is "barber-shop harmony." When it is all carefully analyzed for you, the evolution is quite clear, Certain current fallacies are cleared up in the course of the dis cussion. One of them is that, "con trary to popular belief, and to his own published statement, Irving Berlin was far from the Instigator of the raetime By the time the uncharacteristic and rather unimaginative phrases of 'Alexander's Hagtime Band' appeared in print (flfill) the rag, from a creative point.