The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 27

TTTEJ BROOKLYN' IVATLY- EARLR- YORK. SUXDAY. VOYTTTFR' 1 10TT. I THE BARONESS BERTHA KRUPP VON BOHLEN BERTHAKRUPP, "LADY OF CANNONS' IS THE UNCROWNED QUEEN OF ESSEN risen to take pride in their lowly or- igin. Not so the daughters of the I house of Krupp.

They need not lie I fawning or pretending to lie what they are not. What they are is quite sufficient. i SParSteyy- L. Her Foundry Turned Out the Big Siege Guns That Have Killed Thousands of Human Beings. She Always Will B-Known as Bertha Krupp.

She Helps 50,000 Pensioners and Gives Much to Charity. VIEW OF GREAT KRUPP GUN WORKS. Jill 1j llfV i pill 'Ip Friedrich Krupp Founder of the Industry. One Friedrich Krupp was the first on record in connection with iron works. In 1810 he opened his little smithy In the then still sunny town of Essen, holding barely 10,000 souls.

He Is described as a "hard, rough man, unlettered, with a vile temper,) suspicious, narrow-minded, covelous and saving of his marks;" he hoarJcj with all the avidity of a miser and died In the early '30's, leaving to his son Alfred his fortune and the plodding, persistent part of his nature. Not that the fortune was great when Alfred came to It. There was the shop with Just two workmen, a few thousand marks In the bank, and a very modest little family house. This latter still stands In the center of Essen, with all those now enormous works growing: and growing around it, attracting over more workers who, with their families, give the town at present a population of nearly 800,000. Upon the old homestead Alfred Krupp has placed this inscription: "Fifty years ago this cottar.e was tho home of my parents.

Hay none of our workmen have to go through the struggle which the building up of" our works has cost us. The success which now so splendidly has rewarded our faith, our anxiety and our efforts' was doubtful during twenty-five long years. Let this example serve as am encouragement to others in difficulties. it increase the respect for the many small homes and the great sor rows which often dwell in them. The object of work must be mutual welfare; then work is blessed, then work is prayer.

May all, from the highest to the lowest among us, work with the same earnestness to found and secure his own future success. That i my greatest wish. "ALFRED KRUPP." Their First Cannon Made in 1847. Whether tho work of building engines of destruction is "prayer" and "blessed," we ore at liberty to doubt. Hut It was the Iron master's lookout, iiud each is entitled to his own.

Be sides, tho Krupp works are by no means devoted entirely to the manufacture of weapons. Indeed, th'elr first cannon was not made until 1847, and at present they claim that 75 per cent, of their output is destined for other than war purposes. When Alfred Krupp succeeded his father, he set out on a life of uninterrupted labor. He was a genius in his way, and an inventor of the sort that does not exclude a sound head for business. Ills success speaks for that.

He took a little shop with two workmen. He left world-famous works employing 40,000 men, women and children. Xot always were his experiments successful, but. as he toiled on year after year, heedless of all disappointments, he finally succeeded in casting enormous blocks of finest steel. When his invention became known abroad, be borrowed $37,500 from two banks, built i 1 At his death Alfred Krupp left a for or ti.siu."wu mid an annual in i "r.itiiiio come of $1,250,000, His son, Fiieilrii'h Alfred, was very different tvue of mail.

Of deli. ate lli'-nlth in his youth, tie always hu'lined toward the things ivmatest from bis tual business. it the Kaiser, honored him with particular friendship, lie once said: "This great fortune has been a curse ttn me. If 1 hid not hu.i it my predi- lection wo. lid been for art and tor me conuuii anu coui-nuneui literature." toe working classes lias been aitopted Yet underneath his gentle nnture.

bis l-V those piiu. es of in.iustry. love for and all she re presents. The scheme of colonies he had a shrewd eve for able men. begun in the sixties, by Being himself neither an inventor noi Krupp, when lie found that the rapid-a malinger, lie knew bow to collect ly increasing nuniheis ol bis helpers around him a number of men of excep-1 made It necessary that In- ta.ieit tlonal aliiiitv in either capacity, nnillio in a wise way lor their Called "My Dear Daughter" by the Kaiser of Her Foundry Are Pitted Against to Kill Thousands.

BERTHA KRUPP owns a greater number of millions than any other woman on earth; she exercises a more real sovereignty than many a crowned head; she is the wife of the man of her choice, Pr. Gustav von Ilohlen and Halbach, and the mother of a son who will continue the Krupp "dynasty" in the fifth generation; the German Emperor calls her "my dear daughter," and the hosts of her employees havo affectionately given her the surname of "Our Lady of the Cannon." From her palatial "Hill Villa" at Kssen she watches the mighty monsters from her foundries being pitched against each other, reeking death for miles arount' them, destroying, ever destroying without an atom of profit to humanity! They are pitched against each other, indeed, on all the battlefields of Europe, except In France, where Krupp meets Creiisot. For the Krupp steel works are not a national institution, hut a private industry, selling products to any buyer who pays the price. Only France is excluded from purchasing at i INTERIOR ew forges, improved on the ntinlity of his and nuite accidentally dis- 1 covered how to make steel wheels without a seam. Three years later he bad repaid Ills debt and was the owner of buildingH and furnaces valued at a quarter of a million dollars.

From Peace He Turned to War. Then it was that he turned his attention away from the things that made for peace and civilization toward implements of war. German cannon were in a bad way, bursting at practice, and in the. field slaughtering as many behind as in front. So Alfred Krupp began to use his perfected metal for the casting of cannon.

At lirst he met with superlative distrust, on the part of the mili tary authorities, who declared that German cannon could not be improved upon. But when they found that the French I'reusot was interested in Krupp's model, they promptly changed their mind. The result was a filing of huge orders. The German victories of 1S70-71 proved the superiority of the Krupp artillery beyond a doubt. Henceforth orders came pouring in from other nations all being accepted but those from France.

A curious sense of na- triotism had come over tlie chief of the founderies, and one that he hud not oeeu win, lieu previously lie hud ottered his Invention to the Na poleonic empire. When Krupp began to specialize in armaments, be bought a stretch of land ten miles long for the testing of cannon and armor plates. And up went new forges, founderits and hammers, to turn iron info steel and steel into gold. HISTORY i few days. The most common cause of infection among human beings is believed to be the drinking of mil'; given by aiii'mils.

One of the principal ditlictilties in combat bin the disease, however, lias been Ihe failure, up to the present, time, to isolao- and identify the germ. I-'or yea's scientists have been working with that end in view, but without success. Tho.l'iM epidemic is the sixth in the history of the Pnitud States. The first appearance of the dii-ease in this country was in lSTO, ami it appeared subsequently in 1H80, 1SS4, and Urns. It has, however, been a well recognized cuttle disease in Kuropo situ when there was a serious epidemic ill Great Britain, which continued witli more or less prevalence until I85ti.

it reappeared in Kngland in lSi'J, and again in Continental Kurope was seriously ravaged in ls-iil. and for several years thereafter, thy disease being particularly violent throughout Southern Germany. For a long time tho Kuropean veterinary experts attempted to handle the disease by a of isolation and quarantining the infected cattle, and giving them an opportunity to recover from its effects. Kurope has now-adopted the system of slaughtering all diseased enlmals, just as is done in tho 1 i 1 I I I i I i i rT i 'v. Turkish Krupps against Russian Krupps.

And over the making of these on-gines of destruction a woman rresides, Mrs. Bertha Krupp von 'Bohlen and Halbach. Bertha Krupp Fine Type of Hausfrau. From the nature of her business one would be Inclined to fancy her some sort of monstrous, 'soulless Valkyrie of bloody myth. Nothing could be less true of Frau Bertha.

On the contrary, she is naturally a true type of German hausfrau. A solidly built, but athletically sup-1 pie Teutonic figure; a thoughtful face that never was pretty, yet is attractive because of the quiet, determined character it reveals; dark blond hair in heavy masses, always arranged with meticulous neatness; gowns few in number and of the simplest, sternest taste; such is Bertha Krupp. Never in the twenty-eight years of her life has she come in contact with Ualy, in company of her mother and irounger sister, Barbara; excepting, also, her "coming out" season In Berlin, under the special auspices of Wil-helm II and Empress Augusta Victoria, Bertha Krupp has spent her days In the seclusion of the Villa Huogel, on the River Rune, Just outside and overlooking the town of Essen, which is her principality. There was born, the eldest child of Friedrich Alfred Krupp, and the for mer Baroness von Ende. There she was educated by governesses and tutors in all that superficial book lore which is expected to fill and limit the horizon of a young German girl of her wealth and position.

There she was instructed in music and learned to wield the painter's brush, nicely, gen teelly, without soiling her fingertips, There also did she receive from her father himself that business training of which her prearranged future destiny made her most needful. For, having no son, the great ironmaster had decided while Bertha was still in pinafores, that she and she alone would be the owner and director of his enormous industry after his death. But tho villa on the hill was also the spread of the malady has been checked. Meantime. Federal and State inspectors are going through the quarantined districts, slaughterinii animals that are found to be afflicted witi the disease, and disinfecting on a wholesale scale all premises where diseased stock have been quartered.

The Department of Agriculture is working without any special appropriation from Congress in the present epidemic, but will undoubtedly have to ask for a lare sum at the winter session. In the 13J3 outbreak the Department had a special appropriation of $300,000, but this did not cover all of the expense entailed by its rigid quarantine and inspection system. In 1908 four States New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Maryland, were under quarantine, and 157 infected premises were discovered by the authorities. A total of 3,636 animals were slaughtered, of which were cat-tic, hogs, 275 were sheep, and 7 were goats. The value of the slaughtered stock was $90,033.18, nearly two-thirds of which was representid by t-nimals killed in Pennsylvania.

The owners of these animals were reimbursed to the full appraised value of their stock, the United States paying two-thirds of the amount and the -States one-third. In the present out he had tin- business wisd.un tu see that, paying these men invisibly, he only lilled bis own coffer" more In tin- fifteen M-nrs 1'Im "reign" he added much to the Krupp establishment guns and armor works at i Kioi for tin- construction ol navy units; ant coal mines in the mining districts ot West phalia; nearly as many iro" mines in Spain, owning also the snip that carry his ore from Billioa to Hani burg. magnificent castle which his father built on tin- liill above Essen, he improved with many works of art collected on bis travels, especially in Italy. There he ntertaim-il at variou-tinios Emperor Francis Joseph of A us liia. King Edward while lie was sub the Prime, of Wales, King Carlos ol 1 "ml nilnor polentates.

Kaiser Wi helm made it bis line vltlM. nt villa and even since the death ot 1' i -iciiricn Krupp he has not forgotten tin- way to Essen. He was present at the marriage of Bertha Krupp to In-, von Bullion uia Halbach, and of Barbara Krupp to a German nobleman of Polish descent. When Frau Bertha's second son was born the llrst one died in infancy -tie Kaiser sent his son. Prince Adalbert to stand sponsor at the christening.

Altogether, the Kaiser has been lav- isli with his favors totvar.i the Krupps Some say Hint this Is only goon ness on ids part, alleging thai tie own. a largo financial inteiA.jt in the gun-making linn. This Is not oliiei.illy admitted, and it mav just happen tha' the Kaiser simply likes the Krupp family. At all events, his protection their private and public reputation ha-several times been evident to the pub lie at. targe.

Kaiser Kills the Scandal. When ill tho Socialist paper. Vorvvaerls, directed its violent attack against Friedrich Krupp, accusing bin; of shockingly immoral practices In his island home of Capri, it was tin Kaiser's express will that lie scandal should not lie taken into court, but promptly hushed up. The accused man suddenly died in the midst of it, and no more was said. However, the Socialists persisted in their dislike for the probably because tin- workers In their are contented with their lot and turn a deaf car to Marxist, propaganda, even to I lie alluring prospects of labor union isnl.

In April, Iir. I.iebkneelit. Social- 1st leader and member of Parliament, made a formal accusation in tin Reichstag, d-olallng that the Krupps were behind the newly proje. arniv appropriation bill d' H- contended that fie Krupp works, together Willi ene minor til'ius of sim ilar character, had resorted to i 1 1 i methods to Induce French newspapers to arouse an anti-ioruian leeiini; France, with the olijcci. of Germany an atmosphere ittng in ,11,.

the increase of arm 1 In re .1 SO hlVeS- noil a Series ot ml I IiUniai mi.nl iollieled Ulioll some Gorilla II I I While the Big Guns One Another a most propitious place for the fostering of Fraeulcin Bertha's liking for outdoor sports and vigorous exercise. Tennis and golf hold untold charms for her; a horseback ride across country is her delight, and for her bicycle she has preserved an unwavering ton-derness, in spite of the fact that among "ladles of her station" bicycling has long since gone out of fashion. Fashion in anything is tho least of her concerns. Her clothes she wants to be plain and serviceable. What other purpose have clothes than to cover the body and not be worn out when one Just begins to get used to them? Her favorite apparel is a suit of plain gray cloth, a severely tailored hat and a pair of strong boots.

Against silk stockings she objects, even as Robert Louis Stevenson did when he wrote to his friend, referring to his stepdaughter: runs me like baby in a perambulator, sees I'm properly dressed, bought me silk socks and made me wear them Of course, hen Bertha Krupp goes to court or receives royalty at her villa she rises to the occasion and permits herself to be adorned with silky gowns and a most wondrful ecollec-tion of jewels. But it goes against her nature, decidedly. The choosing of her marriage trousseau aroused the wrath of all the Berlin and Essen tradespeople. The richest girl in the world and her very little poorer sister were to be married the same day. Frau Krupp took them to Berlin to select the things of their choice, and they returned to the villa having spent $250 each.

It was a scandal! Had they never heard the old saying: "Noblesse But the Krupp girls heeded not, and negatively proclaimed their right to follow the ancient traditions of the German maiden who sews and embroiders a bit every day to fill her "hope-uhest," until the bridegroom comes. The aristocratic mother, Baroness von Ende-Krupp. is said to have not wholely approved of such bourgeois practices in her daughters. But these daughters are endowed with minds of their own, and they are Krupps that is to say, thorough plebeians. Others who rise upon the ladder of worldly stations devote their most fervent endeavors to the elimination of the plebeian in them.

But that is per-i haps becau.se they have not sufficiently! Essen. Thus Bertha Krupp's grand-1 the outer world to the point of inin-father decided. France being Germany's gllng with it. With the exception of hereditary foe, tho ironmaster foresaw a few trips abroad, principally to I 1 The Krupps were never more prosper hms than now. Krupps Are Benevolent Masters.

The reason why Flan Bertha's "sub-lecls" are so saiislied with Heir l.ito I 's to anyone who lm Isitod I Kssen. The Ki -upps have show a succession of benevolent nuis- oi-. tiling mat can in- social condition, in order to avoid congestion and the atlending siiualor. houie jrars before, a sick fund ha.d ahoady been louililed, us Weil as It pension fund und a co-nperattve store. for twenty years Alfred Kr'ipp strove to make Ins emploees' hounja I he.

pleasantc.il cot l.lKe Homes in Ger-iiiany, ami I hey tin look bright and ro- lul, removed as they arc from flic and blackness ol Ksseu's e-iir-i. is.iot i hoy aie o-y iliiterent from the henry, inonolonons suburbs of English inauiilact iiring towns and show in ih-'ir const rin i ion a cerlaitl sense of oeauty and variety. Kriedirn, continuing I he task in his father's spirit, erected a line home for etlied workmen, huilt schools, hospi a Is "id home tor convalescents. ii 1 1 oil mi- ins community gas ninu, railways, 1 ohs ami telephones, organized bakeries, slaughter houses and general stores. In fad, there is noihlng necessary to tin- life ol a largo oily Hint Hie Krupps have not giver their work and the best proof for tin- ccoiiouiy of the svsteni is that the Essen Savings Bank prospers from lo year.

of this vast and complicate 1 domain I'rau Bertha Krupp von Bohlen an.i is, by In fatiicr's will, tho 'le and absolute sovereign. Wllllo In- people in her ciuplnv are earning wlni they consider a fair rew ard for ''ill. Ila In.jy al villa lliiczol continues lo pile upon gold. Her atiier's inheritance amounted lo 'it'll -tin. value of the Krupp works -while mother (1nd sister were provided lor vviih an eipial sum between Ibein, otherwise invested.

Iler income is now leckoned to exceed "HO a a goo.ily sum lor a person of modest notes! And tho greater part of this is made up of tin) profits from I lie building ol instru-neiits of ilctb! It is Hue, l-'ranj llerlha lias now at side a husband who helps to bear the burden of the theiigbi, as ho assists her in tile management of ho works. According to appearances, 'hey make a happy, lonaenial eoiipln, and the. divorce reports which got hroad some time ago were proved to bo unfounded. It would be ungracious of Frau Bertha, al all events, to complain of a husband so deliberately clioti'-n. In bis will, her fnl her had stipulated her absoliuo freedom to give her heart, hand and fortune to whosoever would please her, ho he a village schoolmaster, lit this freedom lias luily availed her-silf, rejecting in turn dukes, counts.

tinaneters and -ample atarry a man wiihoni ti'le. iho. ir'i of ancielii family, anil without wealth, his pat-anal no la I tier ll.il-bacb had spool sonl" time in America ini'de-l riehe.s. The nanio Von Bohlen is that of bis mother, whose lather had also been in this country, scrvine in He- oitc-rn ricv luring the I'lvii War. Tho father of iertha Krupp's husband was in the "i plonia to set-v ire oi mo inicuy oi i ami to' iii.i..

i ii onioweii tun liillin If ie until duly i 1 illot'l- 1 1 1 1 pe 1 1 1 1 1 new and for him-- lest wom- o- lei a tl ill the nd Hie fa'her of t'aeed to a shipment that from I ho si yard a a I amalo. if pi c-ent out has Hot vet Peon i 1 1 i 1 ile'erin d. It appeared in Soothe, of Ire. final that lo. are to I en re-i-1 i l.b- oi cat-ia- pons in the si oi yards, which, as a i.

'ht, i -I as a i tin 1 t'oni-1 invent 1-c ral and S'al" atli it les show 1 exact sea r. i ot o- la i r. It lias on how n-t in awl i n. VN. oo I I'M by lll.eole I 1.1:, nnpol fl'OI-1 i oan and in i he llo'l ot or io li ioo 1 al 111 I ii.it.-t oi! 'I 'lli-I ilia', nloi'.

i) v.u me re-. 0 1 of ia; loot -Hill I 1 th- ease ii, 0111 the 1 I.i lilt. no li-o the ,11 a appeal .1 'n of the al had I eel- u-i 'l in p. n.i v.iciiiio in a lit tie establish neitl. Tlie Public 1 loali'incd wilii th-- 1 t.i.eitt oC Agriculture in th- It appeared that the IvtrolS than obtained its vaeiitic from a firm in Pennsylvania, and tests of vaccine oUrined at tho latter place show) U'oiilliiitcd on Page 6.) 1 the time when France, having healed the wounds received in 1S70, would again want to cross fire and steel, for revenge and readjustment.

Did it never occur to him that some time Germany might turn her cannon against other countries than France? Or that these other countries might wage war upon each other? Be it in difference or shortsightedness on the part of Alfred Krupp, the fact remains that, barring France, there is at present not one warring or war-ready Power which has not purchased nt least part of its armamtJnt at Essen. Krupp Missiles Against Krupp Armor. We have not forgotten the fierce contest in the Far East between Russia and Japan, where contests took place between Krupp missiles and Krupp armor plates. Since then the perfecting of those formidable means of at tack and defense has been given equal care. And now the contest is on again, only more huge, more deadly Gei- man Krupp guns against Japanese Krupp guns; Oerman Krupps against Russian, Belgian and British Krupps; I ollieials a n.l some p.

Mi'tle Po.iie-i will con i'l tile Krupp einplov. Tile Kai.ei linile to fin.i'-'i He- v. Id Willi all frown'-d cuip'i'ntienily on (be whole af-jile most effective ncans tor destroy-fair, and again that made an end of it ling it. DR. GUSTAVE KRUPP VON BOHLEN FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE WORST IN OF THE COUNTRY break the expense is being borne equally by the Federal and State govern- ments, each owner of stock which is being slaughtered being reimbursed on the basis of an.

appraisal made by a States officer. i Present Epidemic Greatest in History. It is certain that the 131-1 epidemic' among domestic cattle will entail in-! finitely greater losses than its immodi- ate predecessor, because it covers more than three times as much territory. Nor can the loss be measured entirely by the value jf the stock destroyed, for it extends to the milk supply, which is Inevitably decreased, while it entirely strips many farms of their live stock, which will probably take several years to replace, In addition, the cost of governmental inspection and quarantine is very high. The foot anil mouth disease does not involve a high rate of mortality among animals, if left to run its natural course.

From an economic standpoint, however, it might just as well be universally fatal, for all diseasod animals are immediately destroyed. Scientific veterinarians long ago abandoned all attempts to cura cattle that have or, benri They foun-i that Eagle Bureau, C08 Fourteenth Street. ASHINGTON, November 14-Cattle, hogs and sheep will be slaughtered by the thousand before the Federal authorities, in co-operation with those in many States, succeed in eradicating tho present outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the United States. From tin economic standpoint, the situation may be serious. is no way at the present time of estimating the losses among live stock, or the effect which they may have upon the price of beef and milk.

But this much is known: That the epidemic of 1914 is tho most eerious and widespread in the historv cf this country, and that it comes ot a time when the meat supply per capita is much less than it was six-years ago, when the disease last made its appearance. Fourteen States are now under quarantine by Federal order, whereas in previous outbreaks in the United States the number never exceeded The States now on tho list are: New York, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, isconsin, Iowa, Rhode Island, Dela ware, New Jersey and Kentucky. Other States may yet have to be Quarantined, thr preventing inter-Mt shipmanta of live stock, before I'nited states. It found thai attempts to isolate disease, were, futile, and Hie experts ioreiciiers v.eio at last fol Stock! lining tl.e -1 to the; eoni lasion that the i nlv sale was to ii- ro or animal, no ma t- how" mild a form h- disease Slaurht ring is now tin- method of combating the do- lease, ti wit It til'- Pun. 1 slaughtered animals in quicklime, nod the most eoiuplete disinfection of a--I premises on which tin are found The (ir-d rccognii'id outbreak of the foot, and mouth disease in tin- I states affected New York an 1 tin Kne.laMl States, 'i'he malady was mi! 1 in form, and was believed to en brought into this country from 'an oia.

There was another mild ten years later, in issi was outbreak at Portland. M-. was easily controlled. Th- epidemic affected the Stales of Genu 'i-1 cut, libo-le Island, assaeiii a i an-1 New llampsl.ii.. in occasion the slaughtering vv llrst put into general effect, rul and State authorities c-opei a ting to wipe out the disease.

The 'an break involved Pennsj 1-vania, New York, Michigan and Maryland, tho lirst diseased animals being located at Danville, and Leing II I it does not pay. in the first place, the di.soaso is too highly contagious and too easily transmitted to allow an infected animal to live. In the second place, tfiose animals which do survive the disease are of little value thereafter, and are not immune from subsequent attacks. Their loss in flesh is so great, and the milk-yielding qualities of the cows so seriously impaired that careful estimates place the decrease in value of animals which have had the disease at 50 per cent. Most of them never regain their former condition, while in others tho progress of recovery is so slow, particularly if the epidemic has been virulent, that it does not pay to keep infectad stock.

The normal mortality among domestic cattle, as a result of the foot and mouth disease, is from 2 to 5 per cent, of the animals infected, although in some of the European outbreaks, where tho type of disease has become particularly virulent, the mortality has risen as high as DO per cent. Among young animals it is commonly as high as 50 per and has often reached 75. The foot and mouth diseas9 has also been transmitted to human beings, but with results that are rarely fatal. Usually it appears In mild form, and Its duration doee not cover mora than a a.mmtmm.M..- HLHtjMt 1 I.