The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 27

5 CHEMULPO, THE SEAPORT OF SEOUL. Ml UNDER THE RULE OF JAPANESE THE BROOKLYN' DAILY EAGLE. YEW YORK, St YD AY. JAYLARY 10. 1915.

foreign or whatever they may be, re taken by the civil engineering author- Report of the Imperial Government Shows Adjustment of Laws, San i itary Improvements, Road Con struction, Increase of Crops, and a Growing Trade in Which America Is Interested (ties of Korea is appreciated to a greater extent. i In 1912 there were miles of rail- roads oDen to traffic as am.irmr TtiT lilt the year before. The upis from passengers was and from freight en Is equal to about 50 cents in money. In every departme tilroads there has been a Je crease over the ye roa vn t. Mokpo nes are under constru; and work on them is going stei forward.

The latt ifs through mountains and the construction is exceedingly difficult but the Japanese engineers are successfully surmounting Korea has 71 steamers, of 13,380 gross tonnage, 150 sailing ships of 4,384 gross tonnage, and 21 smaller ships of 5,930 koku tonnage. In 1911 thero were but 184 ships in all and only 20 of them were steamers. A story of the progress In shipping Is told in those few fuels alone. Most of these ships are regis- red for foreign work tion go as far away from home as England, I'nlted States and some of the European ports. An efficient postal service has been arranged and by it first-class mail, parcels, money orders and savings banks are all taken care of.

The Postal Sav- working their farms vigor which bids fair and has put Ch firmer base, Korea raises 1 course, but it is en on a stronger and great deal of rice, of no means the only product of the peninsula. Wheat, bar- ley. beans, millet, cotton, cocoons and cattle are raised to a great extent and year by year the country Is becoming a very important agricultural center. The Japanese spirit of enthusiasm has been allowed to permeate and now even the natives, once slow and backward, are getting the fever and are nwsw, tne Japanese OTOVlnOe xvurea, uas expenenceu mucu bonetlt from the rule of lupan and great improvement has oeeu uone tne peninsula, according to the report of the Imperial Qovermnent ivnicn has been recently sent out. The, 13 exiiausuvo ano treats in a "ay an ot tne oranenes ot tne Bovernment which It has effected ana its interest to Americans, because trade conditions and the recollection of the old Korea is.

of necessity, great. Protection and encouragement have done great things for the instance, the annual production of rice has increased from 7,500,000 koku to 9,000,000 koku during the short period since the annexation in 1910. Wharves have been built in Fusan to connect land and ocean traffic, while the trade for 1913 reached 102,000,000 yen, better sanitary arrangements have been made, the police force has been sys tematized and made larger and strong- and there has been an increase BRIDGE OVER THE HAN. lECiHI; instruction in the training school months, but Japanese and compelled to spend forty- four hours per week in the school, while attend only forty hours There a regular curriculum of study. and one of the subjects not taken up is art of blindness on Sundays to open door cafes.

Criminal law Is the main subject studied. The Government General himself is Police Commissioner, ana has the power to fine and discipline members of the force when necessity ttrlM; uiougn it is not as targe as tne ponce force. It. doesn't need to be, because Ihcre are not as many cities. The re- ishes It to lie, but it "has hopes." Civil Engineering Bureau By the Government.

Another very interesting section of the Korean report Is that dealing with civil engineering. The administration of civ igineering works is conducted by different offices, according to the nature of the work. As a sequel to the administrative readjustment, a Civil Engineering Bureau was formed by the Government, and from the fiscal year 1912 has taken uniform charge of all civil engineering works and construc tlon of Government buildings, except those belonging to the Railway and Communications Bureau. State Road Construction, of which there have been twenty-three, with a total mileage of over 700 ri, and on which 1,500,000 yen have been spent, local roads, totaling 2,097 ri, street lm- provemonts in villages, harbors and I WHY NOT BASE CHARTER OF CITY OF NEW YORK ON COMMISSION PLAN? 100 public schools on the peninsula as 1oned were discharged from prison a result of the Japanese supervision. they were brought before the police au-The first subject taken up by the thorities, who explained to them the report is that concerning central ad- imperial will, and gave them advice as ministration.

All of the departments to their future behavior. The appreel-'of the Chosen government are ten- I ation of the new regime in Chosen trallzed under the one head who is through this method of treating the called the Government General and he political prisoners, was vastly strength-has control over everything that the ened. Japanese are doing in the peninsula. I There was a time in the history of offences, and the action of the poliee department amounts to little than that of the magistrate' our court system in New York. cases are taken of with a bit more speed, perhaps, but that appears to be the main difference betwee.i the systems.

There were 18,138 persons flogged in Korea in lull" under the nLV derision of a total of persons tried for various ri im-a Offenders Against Royal Family Pardoned. After the late Emperor Meiji Japan died, the present ruler Issued order pardoning all persons in kingdom who were confined for fenses against the royal family, or for treason, and forty-three from peninsula of Korea benefited by the clemency of the Emperor. Of this num ber thirty-eight were Koreans and the When I hose thus par- Chosen that the peninsula was wor ried to uearn anu irignti ned ny roving bands of robbers and Insurgents. The Japanese regime, when it annexed the Chosen territory, took up this matter at once, and the result is that most of 'he Insurgent ring leaders have been captured, and even those taking refuge in the mountain fastnesses, losing their old energy and support from the village because of the villagers' faith in the new order of things, have become quiet, and there is hardly any need now for the garrison army in the Chosen forts. Korea is now almost cleaned of gangsters a situation which does not hold in New York anu although the report admits highwaymen, robbers and burglars, it points out that they are police cases, and cases such as all cities and territories will have to contend with as long as there Is a humanity to reside In the One of the most interesting things about tne report of the Japanese i eminent is contained in those A lealini with the police New York, with its very highly trained md very effiocint police service, these colonials have developed a training cftool.

Two divisions have been made-one for training candidates for police iervice and the other for training and those actually engaged in police work. The iiniidnles, Japanese, Korean. VIEW OF FUSAN HARBOR. In that way the official keep in Jouch with all departments, has know- edge of all money expenditure and in direct touch with every Improi jment. There are 19,361 employees The government In Korea and th.

an scattered in twenty-two different departments. Uniformity, as much as is possible is practiced in the work of fvery department so that a system of transfers can be used if it is deemed hdvisable. Chosen's Government in Touch With Tokio. Chosen's government is simple, yet withal effective if we are to read between the lines of the exhaustive report which has been prepared. It is a government that is In close touch with Tokio and which has enough autonomy to be something of a self-government, for as much as possible native Koreans and Japanese who have iettled in Chosen are employed in th 3 governmental departments.

All provincial governors, after Inspections in prefectures and districts, make their reports to the Government (ienerul and local administration thereby controlled from Chosen In a fair way. Even villages are in direct touch with the central government. At the time of the annexation in 1910, Japan found the courts of Chosen inadequate, poorly distributed and rather weak. Now, under the readjustment a real judicial system which has power and Is fair Has been estab llshed. As the result of the readjust ment twenty law courts were close 1 and the staff was reduced by forty-five judges.

Now there are 72 courts, Japanese and 38 Korean judges and a total of 457 Japanese and 190 Korean fflcials In the courts. There wen 40,724 civil cases received and 37,293 de cided, "while there were 13,704 crim inal cases handled in 1912. Theso fig tires show only part of what Japan has done for Korea in the judicial Held, and I hey prove that, with a smaller number of Judges more and better work has been done. Of the various laws in force on th5 peninsula before annexation some 'applied exclusively to Koreans, others to Koreans, Japanese and foreigners alike, while some applied only to Japanese and did not concern Koreans When the readjustment of the judicial system became a necessity the laws were made for all persons, and now everyone has an equal chance under equal laws. Japan points out that it has made a solidified Chosen and that Korea is now happier and more just under juster laws.

Some of the cruder forms of putvsh-ment which had boon In vogue r.i before the Japs crossed into Korea w-re I-! using, h.irt been a punishment, was one of these and now native Koreans, who have been brought up with a terror of that, are flogged for minor offences. S.un eases are adjudicated by the police themselves, but these are only minor catlon with Japan has been further im- proved so that telegraphic messages between Keijo, in Korea, and Tokio, which formerly took one hour and for ty-eight minutes take today only 51 minutes. With the gradual growth of country towns, telephone facilities also were gradually extended, so that now your Korean farm wife can pick up her receiver and listen to all the conversation of the neighborhood just as the American woman does. Every city and town is now covered by a centralized tel. 'Phone system which is controlled from the office of the Civil Engineering Board at Keijo.

As the political and economical relations of Korea with Japan have become closer and closer, the trade of the penninsula with Japan and foreign countries is growing rapidly, so that imports and exports for both 1912 and have increased considerably. The year 1913 showed an especially good record. In the foreign trade of Korea for that year the aggregate total of Imports and exports was 102.495,191 yen. There was an increase of over 9.00o (Hit' yen, and of about 5,000.000 yen In exports. This sigriillcant growth of exports which, by the way, is the record for foreign trade on the peninsula, was principally due to sales in rice, the larco-i agricultural product of Korea.

The export of this commodity alone amounted to 14.500.000 yen. Tills remarkable increase In the export of rice is not due to greater ilmndanco of yield, but to the larger -ale by Koreans of the native product. in Japan, and to the prospect of pur chasing the staple at a cheaper rate. In tiie foreign trade of this banner year Japan, of course, lends the other countries, Koreans shipped to China. United States.

Creat Britain. Russia Asiatic) and Germany. The export of rice to the United States was 11 per cent, of the total amount sent out from Chosen. A readjustment of customs administration, modeled along the line of American and English ideas, has simplified collecting money for imports SHOT HITS lllg BAYa rs coirs pom ISHMENT Paris. December 22 A priest in barge i Isli the l'rcn-- a-.

in the course of a sermon, that the present war was a punishment In- tZ. ft? carrl(1, r( u. public to the Court of Appeals at Pan. Th' Prteal was again acquitted, not some scathing comments on rouse. I ronsl.W; lnterei resent France Catholics i'neness fn, little loleratl would I crTenrlln JJJy iHnKiiaa place Chosen as one of the greatest.

Japan has certainly done wonderful tilings for Korea. In every depan- ment of the government great strida forward have been taken and Chosen Is coming alone, wonderfully. Modern rind oi. -to-, late things have been substituted for the antique things which ich, these local boards to take th ace of the district boards. Defln le work of the district boards w.

Give them full control of th Iminlstration of recreation, etc. Al tportant work should be reserved ie control of the central board five or ten. Give the City Commission power to appoint such subordinate boards and commissioners as required from time to time. All subject to removal. All clerical or purely admintsirat've officers or appointees, except Controller and active department heads, should be subject to Civil Service.

The city could have a mayor with defined functions, too, or he could bd one of the five, or could be selected from the five by vote. Officers Subject to a Recall. These are just general foundation suggestions for a new charter: All elected officers should be subject to a recall at a general election, to be held after one year of service, under well defined conditions. Recall should not be made too easy. Boston has a very practical mayoralty recall.

The regular municipal election should not be held at the time of the general election. It could be held the if' ZeZZl'TZTZ provided for by petition. The city election should be non-partisan. The law should provide for a monthly publication by the City Commissioners of a summary of Its work along specified lines relating to the things especially Interesting to the The publication could be limited In size and could be in pamphlet form and sold for a nominal price to cover cost, or publications could be in the daily papers. The cost would be practically nothing as an item of municipal expenditure In comparison with the cost of running the city.

The City Commission should be required to meet every morning at 1" o'clock, to sit two hours or more to transact and hear complaints, prti- The legislative board would only-have to meet once a week or every two weeks (unless some special occasion required more frequent meetings, A commission of three on complaints could be appointed to receive all complaints, In the first instance, and to arrange for hearings, etc. Many of the hearings now required to be given by the Board of Estimate could be heard by the heads of de-parments Involved with the reserved right In the commissioners to give hearings in any matters. Most public hearings are purely perfunctory. Financial officers should never elected. They should he selected by the City Commission.

The Mayor or presiding officer should not have veto power. Veto power should be vested In the elec- tnrate only rifled conditions and should be limited even then. The remedy for improper official conduct or failure to meet the public wishes should be the recall of the official not doing his duty. In a city like New York with small boards so constituted, the hoards would not go wrong or counter to public sentiment very often. The powerful Independent press of the city, so big and so independent that it cannot subsidized or controlled, would create a public sentiment that would command splendid responsive and efficient service from the officials.

The public can readily keep track of a few officials. The public never keeps track of a big board. Big boards are sometimes tractable and "eat out of the big officials hand" but a tractuble and h-lnfl" klml Of a board is a waste of time and a waste of public and a fraud 00 the public. Such a charter. It provided, could deferred In operation until the natural death of the present administration an edministratlon, due to its splendid personality.

i probably the best New York City has ever had. We are all gradually geitlng a bi tter perception of what municipal gov-eminent really means or should be. This Is evident when we contemplate the benefits we today derive front the new uses which we put our publle BCbOO! building Home day we will do ail our scheed One of the guests at the re- cent meeting of the Municipal Club when the new City Charter was discussed was Robert Carey, counselor-at-laiv of Jersey City, N. J. Mr.

Carey says that he hopes the members of the club will not think him presumptive enough to assume to tell them how to run New York City, but the thought occurred to him that if New York contemplates the building of a new charter that the consideration of the Commission Government idea might be a good thing. With this idea in view, Mr. Carey makes the following suggestions: 1. Elect five Borough Presidents. Pet them be the legislative board of the whole city.

Elect five commissioners at large to constitute the administrative and executive hoard. Divide the administrative work into five departments. Each member of the administrative board to be head of a department. Let them appoint such subordinates as required. Let them select a controller.

The controller selected would be a financier. Give the ten elected men $10,000 per year each at least. The legislative body would be representative. Do away with the alde.rm.anic system. That would save $140,000, enough to pay the ten commissioner's, and $40,000 over.

Abolish all ward lines. Let each Borough President appoint an advisory committee of five to consult with him on borough affairs. Pay these advisers each $2,000 a year. Thero would be twenty-five advisers, costing $50,000. The cost of all would be $150,000 (in salaries).

The aldermen now cost. The Borough President, the Mayor and Aldermanlc President now receive $40,000. This plan would save $30,000 in cash, and the city would have a representative, democratic and efficient system. Each voter would have only six men to vote for. It could lie made less, by pioinncg that two of the commission! rs should be elected at one time and the other threo at the succeeding election two Then the individual voter would vote for three men one year and four men another, and every voter would lie abb-to vote Intelligently.

New York doesn't pay some of Its big officials enough. New York City should have $10,000 per year men in its central legislative ami administrate boards. Another Plan SugoatCd. Or this plan is suggested: Have the Borough Presidents and thi P.vo commissioners ad as a joint legislative board, and then there would be clone touch between the central legislative board and the administrative departments and the local interests. The Borough Presidents and the ad Isory boards would be close to theb rsp'-etlve All leitlsl.i I lci to controlled by legislative board.

All the udmlnlstrativ. The Board Kdueatlon could Hhepiltied. too, A membership of forty-siv is tOO many. Have central board of five to serve for paj good pay- or ten, five of the ten ti be selected from the school super! i tendenta. Have the borough board' Of appointed by the r.erough lrol ldi, SWJl P.

must ings system was in vogu fore it was in the Unit there are 294,120 deposit! gate savings is 744,654 Increase of over joo.uuo i Korea be- -hi. -mm yen. Tin telegraphic business Is increasing year by year especially between the peninsula and Japan, and, after the annexation direct comuni- SHOWS IF A' Aiisti.ili.ni electrical engineer' named Sydney A. M. Rose is the latest contributor to the; science of marksmanship, lie has producou a target device for Ube on ranges that will flash to the ilbnw of the marksman precisely what' lin-i been done by his shot on the tar-1 Expert gunnery officers in the Blltish army declare the new device will revolutionize the training of the soldiers cf the world.

The device has not been produced In moment of inspiration. Three yean I ago the inventor first produced his model, but since then ho has devel-loped it until now he has a perfected apparatus that has won the approval of nnd Hilary experts not onl of Knglnnd but of all the ading There he been many attempts ire now to do away with hums rv! a. n.oi i ll at once what he has achieve i on target, but Invrrlablv they have een secona. That mean. hat eacn section of Iho target had be connected with the indicator at tie marksman's end of the range by least one wire-ami e.iti then onH section struck, not the precise spit, could be indicated.

In this target only three wires are used, yet the poaltion of the shnt on the targi is shown Instantaneously on the In bsolute accuracy. Upward oi 14T.4M fadings can br given by this devico a target feel square, fcooafdtrul Ihn inlculatlo'ii of the technical ex- i harbor Improvements, river work. all of these things are controlled exactly by the central board. The principal rivers in the peninsula arc being im- I proved for a total distance of over 2,000 ri. The Akada River, for 840 ri Is being') dredged and deepened for larger ships, When it is realized that a ri In Japa-nese is equal to a little over two miles in F.ngllsh.

the size of the work under- THE WHARF, FUSAN. i A CHANNEL FERRY STEAMER TYING UP AT BL.JL .1 Is of the.