The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 80

j. .1 8 THE UHOOKLYX DAIIA EAGLE, NEW YORK, SUNDAY. OCTOBER 2. 1927. MUSSOLINI, ITALY'S GOD AND PROPHET, HAS PEOPLE SPELLBOUND which affected the Italian Immigrant matt, Italy's Prophet Poses Fastinatinj Character in World TcJ.iv, Nevertlie-Ljs, Says Herman a Grave Danger to Rides lo Power on Crest of Scare Sun of Blacksmith, Obsessed With Power Madness, Said to Have Played Fiddle, Like Nero, When L'ruption Threatened in Jugoslavia.

livered in Parliament, in November. 1922: "I could turn this gray hall into a ramping ground for my Black Shirts I could have dispersed the Parliament and created a distinctly Pisclv government. In establislung a coali ion government, it was not ray purpose to secure a majority, for I can verv well get along without it." After the assassination of Malleoli 120 representatives of the opposition left the Parliament in protest. 6ince then the Italian Parliament remained aithout an opposition party. The Parliament is but the shadow ol Mussolini.

Stealing Bolshevist Thunder. FASCISM Mussolini came to power on tne crest of the Bolshevist wave. Mussolini capitalized the Bolshevist scare and then stole Its thunder. He emulated Bolshevist ways and methods and became the dictator not of the proletariat but of all classes in Italy. His ideological fathers were D'Annunso, Martlnettl, Pare to and Pantaleon; but his practical models mere Lenin and Trotzky.

The philosophy of Fascism in brief Is that the State Is greater than any party, than any element of the population, but Mussolini is greater than the State. A pupil of the Russian Bolshevists, he followed their ways, but threw aside their ballast of idealism. He seized power by the same methods which they had employed in Moscow and Petrograd. And now that he put horn he wa? preatly Influenced, particularly by Angelica Balabanova. In 19,19.

after a brief visit to his native vlllaee. he went to Trento "here he first edited l'Avenire and afterward Popolo. in mhich publications he conducted a vignrous socialist campaign, together with Cesare Battisti. He also carried on a campaign against Austria. For his article "The boundary of Italy is not Ala." he was expelled from Austria.

Mussolini returned to Italy in 1910 and intensified his revolutionary activities. He fought the socialist reformist tendencies, attacked the petty bounmis element In the party. Socialist revolutionary movement. He kept up his ftTht acainst He then wrote: bUeve chst in the streets, and nowheie e'se. the decisive battles will be fought when the tune and the people will be ripe In at the congress at Eoloena, he attacked the reformists and parliamentary group again, and succeeded in establishing a strong military dux-iphne in the ranks of the Socialist party.

During the World War Mussolini at first took the position Uut Italy-should maui tain neutrality. If you declare war on France." he wrote, "you will have barricades in Italy." Shortly afterward he came out in favor of Prance and the Allies. Rumors circulated that Mussolini was even in favor of Italy entering the war on the side of France. He confirmed these rumors, thus throwing his party into the wildest confusion. He was forced to abandon uie editorship of Avanti.

In November. 1915, he established Popolo d'ltalia. which is now the official Fascist government organ. In December he was expelled from the Socialist party. On that occasion he declared that he would show no mercy to those who refused to stand by him in that tragic moment of his life.

Blood brings into motion the wheels of history." he said in his interventionist address. "It is cruel irony to cry 'Down with war' when the struggle Is on and human beings are dying In the trenches." Mussolini's War Service. MOSSOLINI Joined the army. In February, 1917, he was wounded. He stayed in the hospital for several months.

Then he returned to Milan and, after the defeat at Caporette, appealed in his Popolo d'ltalia for patriotic sacrifices. His newspaper had lost its Socialist, character, and the first stages of his new ideology began to manifest themselves. Then came the "March on Rome" which brought Mussolini to the helm of the government and to the dictatorship of Italy. When the first Fascist shock-troops were organized in March, 1918, Mussolini declared: What we are doing today is a revolution which will smash Bolshevism, in the hope of having our revenge on the liberal government which still remains." In the years that followed Mussolini wreaked his vengence on Italian liberalism. He humiliated the Parliament In the very first speech he de (Copyright, Wide World.) Before Sculptor.

and established his journal "La lotta di classe." "The Class Struggle." He assumed the leadership of the extreme wing of Italian socialism, and wrote in his Journal at the time: "I would rather have a small, determined group which knows what It wants and goes directly to its goal than a large flock which follows its shepherd obediently, but scatters at the first howl of a wolf." He fought against socialist reformists and mainly against parliamentarism. He sharply criticized the war against Turkey and Tripoli in 1911 and was arrested for leading a street demonstration. In summing up his defense, he concluded thus. Sentenced to Year in frlson. ACQUITTING me you will pleaseme; byconvictingmeyou will honor me." He was convicted and sentenced to Imprisonment for one year.

When his father died. Jn 1910, Benito Mussolini said: "My father left me no material Inheritance, he left me a treasure of moral wealth." At the next Socialist congress he succeeded in excluding the Socialist reformists and assumed the leadership of the party. At the following congress, at Ancona. he fought against preemasonry, became the editor of Avantt and the head of the Italian Chinese Feast a on the Mood of a Roman Conqueror engulf Europe In another deluge of blood, and In that bloodshed Italy will doubtless pay the price for the unbridled ambitions of Europe's new war lord, Mussolini. Fascism vs.

Bolshevism. FASCISM Is really a more serious menace to peace than Bolshevism with all' its propaganda. Fascism is playing Into the hands of Bolshevism. Bolshevism and Its experiment In Russia have failed to impress Europe. Fascism, unchecked, will lead Europe to a new catastrophe, and thus pave the way lor social revolution.

The Italians are a wonderful people, with great traditions of liberty, hard working, honest carefree, childlike in their simplicity, enthusiastic and temperamental, but the new toy which has been forced upon them is bound to prove disastrous to themselves and to their neighbors. Their toy is full of explosive powder. Italy has gained much by the World War. When Woodrow Wilson visited Italy on his way to the Peace Conference, he was idolized by the Italian masses. Now the name and aim of Wilson are anathema in Italy.

The Italians swear by Morgan and swear at Wilson. They have forgotten that it was through Wilson that they secured most of their gains. They have also forgotten that it was Wilson who had fought for a liberal policy Of immigration to the United States, and against the literacy test Meal but the Roast Duck Is Food Fit for Any King THE PACRAMTSIX PASSENGER SEDAN' 2285 Eegmr4e4 as Saint. LUCE Lenin in Russia. Mussolini la in Iallv recanted as a saint.

I visited the rector of the Univer sity of Rome and talked with him about the educational system under Fascism. He pointed with genuine reverence to the huge photogiaph ot Mussolini and said- We do whatever he wants ui ra do. He is our guiding spirit and in spiration." I looked around me and aaw other photographs of Mussolini on the wall. 1 saw Mussolinis message to the university in a frame. Then the rec tor drew my attention to another precious, framed souvenir on the wall, over his desk.

"You see." he said, "this is hia blood. When the last attempt his life was made one of our professors who' stood near him came to his rescue and wiped the blood from hia face with the title page of a bruchuia he held in his hand. This is the tltla page with his blood." He spoke with the exalted zeal of a religious fanatic. The rector of the University of Rome is a Jew and an authority on the philosophy ol law. Nere and Mussolini.

WHEN I was in Rome I was informed by people who had tha opportunity to observe Mussolini at close range that on the day when the Italian-Jugoslav incident threatened an eruption, and European statesmen were bending all efforts to prevent a new catastrophe In the Balkans. Benito Mussolini stood up in the Foreign Office, in the Chigi Palace, and played a violin which was presented to him that afternoon. He played it with the air of a virtuoso facing a vast audience. While Europe is still writhing In the agonies of the war's aftermath and new catastrophes are looming up, Benito Mussolini is fiddling in his Foreign Office. The Roman fiddler is ldoliztd and worshipped by the people of Italy.

How long this psychosis will last no one can tell. It cannot last very long. Mussolini cannot stand still. He must move. If he retreats, he will be swamped by his own disciples, trained in militant Fascism.

If he advances much further than today the result must be a European out break. And the consequences of another war are too horrible to contemplate. FACTORY ONE AT THE ii uf a r.Y nl tint in fty H'ttrd jtiiirulHi irfto ha hnm Mtuiyiug Lnipram puliliii at Jtatuf. By HERMAN BERNSTEIN. Rome.

Sept. 20. Special Correspondence ol The Eagle. IN MY travels for many years, from the Turkey of Abdul Hamid to the Turkey of Mustapha Kemal Pasha, from the Russia of the Tsar to the Russia of Lenin and Trotzky, from the Toiand of Grabski to the Hungary of the first yean of Admiral Honhy. I have never visited a country where the people were so afraid, as in Italy today, to express their criticism of any subject havine the slightest bearing on the government.

There Is no opposition press, hence no freedom of the press. There are no political opponents here. They have been killed or banished ot muz-zlcd Mussolini's portraits, photographs, chromos, etchings and charcoal sketches stare and glare and smile at you everywhere, but mostly thry peer into the distance with uulgin? eyes that seem to mirror frignt. hiding beneath a mask of cruelty. It is a glassy stare into space, the look of a man who whistles to keep up courage, who is scared to death and yet tries to terrify others.

It is true, Italy is much cleaner under the Mussolini dictatorship than it used to be. Externally Italy has made immense progress. Economically, too. it has slightly Unproved. There Is more order there.

The police in the cities look spick and span, resembling strongly the BaliefT wooden soldiers. There are no beggars in the streets or near the churches as In former days. The rtvthm of life and work has been changed under the magic wand of the Fascist wizard. From a carefree iberly-loving. gay.

singing people the Italians have been transformed into rather quiet, subdued, disciplined. Zsrmihtarized people They ork harder and faster, but their rving seems to have disappeared. The youThre trained and standardized for military organtaJtiou. At Holding sever, portfol ios to hta Cab tersities. urA.i Peace.

Seen as menace FEW years ago I pointed out i-X Mussolini ana uemu flayed exactly the sa tne methods to bab ataSsilen yea old now and the afterma baby eight years of age, navo Vuj 8 Thai Mussolini Is a most fascinating world character today, there is nogdoubt whatever. Nor any doubt in the minds of tho seethe formation of the new military machines in Europe and the frail machine of peace set up by the League of Nations, that the Mussolini adventure in Italy totaOei with the gravest dangers to the peace ol the world. The boast of Fascism is that it saved Italy That is also the cause of tta success and main strength. Fascism other boast is that it does beheveta durable peace, such as the democracies advocate. While Mussolini may Ttalu from emulating the Russian Bolshevist experiment in 1922.

he has created a graver menace mre. Fascism Is Bol- shevism shorn of its idealism. It is a personal dictatorship for which the people will have to pay dearly In the nnt nniv in disillusionment but in life and liberty. And other nations. too, will suffer tne.

oonsiquencco u. the militarist spirit that has been instilled in Italy bv Mussolini. The traffic Kultur of pre-war Europe resulted in the World War which culminated me neaiy ui Versailles. Out of the war came Woodrow Wilson, the dreamer of universal peace, and his League of. Nations; then came Lenin and Trotzky, dreamers of the liberation of the proletariat who flung out of the Kremlin the red nag oi social revolution, which failed to spread in Europe, but scattered sparks of revolt in China- and of unrest in India and Turkey.

Fascism War's Aftermath. THE hopes and disillusions of Wil I sonlsm on one hand and of Leninism on the other have brought forth another element. Fascism, and another leader, Mussolini, a product of the wars aitermatn. lo understand this remarkable phenomenon it Is necessary to recall the various stages of Mussolini own develop ment and transformations. He was bo nn In the poor agrarian province of Romagna, which was known ax the seat of Impassioned political strife a republican, revolutionary rnd anarchist nest.

His father, a revolutionary, named him Benito. after Benito Juarez, the Mexican rebel who had led the revolt againslf Maximilian. In his father's blacksmith shop revolutionists and anarchists often congregated. Benito's father led a street demonstration, carrying a red flag bearing the Inscription. Live in work, die In struggle." These words he often repeated to his young son Benito.

During his student dvs at the Lyceum. Benito was almost expelled tor his revolutionary temperament, for his utterances In hlrh he practically Justified the assassination of crowned heads. At the see of 19, after great difficulties. became a school teacher In a village. But he did not remain there loni.

Before leaving the village sehojl he wrote on the blackboard- "If you persevere, you will reach your goel." He went to Switzerland, where he suffered unspeakable hardships and privations. He attempted suicide at Lausanne, and was finally expelled from as a vagrant. It is said thjt In 1922. at the Conference of Lausanne. Musmllnl reminded.

the chief of po'lee abf'ut his adventures In Swltrerland in bygone days, and from the balcony of his hotel pointed out the bridge under whlrii lie had often snucht shelter for th-nleht. The chlel nf police remarked- Such Is life. Mr. President." -Mussolini's Revolutionary Activities, in Svitwrland Mussolini met Dumber oi Russian revolutionists, by Mussolini Takes madness for himself and for Italy he is unscrupulous. Italy seeks an outlet for her rapidly growing population.

The doors of America are practically closed to large Italian Immigration. Italy is determined to expand at any cost. Inflated with chauvinism by the Fascist doctrines, she imagines herself powerful enough to play first fiddle in the concert of Europe, with Mussolini as her virtuoso. She has rediscovered her ancient glories and the former power of Rome, and is striving to restore those glories and power. There is dynamite in Fascism, dynamite for the peace of Europe.

Unless Fascism undergoes changes and assumes more moderate forms, or unless it is curbed in time, it will A THE nearly monthly He business on Why much worth against upon his head the dictator's crown- Caesar come to life again, Nero reincarnated he enjoys the rattling of swords, the gaudy uniforms, the porno and show, arousing ultra-patriotism in the youth of his country, training them to fight for greater glory and. above all. ror more power. And Mussolini himself is a bird In a gilded cage, in the Chlgi Palace, afraid to venture out into the streets of Rome, driving to and from the palace under the protection of four automobiles. Mussolini started as a pacifist and radical Internationalist.

He became a patriot and broke the backbone of the Socialist party in Italy, and now this former pacifist despises above all else Wilsonism. the idealism of peace. And he has nothing but contempt for the democracies. Power Madness. THOSE who know Mussolini will maintain that he is absolutely honest, as far as personal gain lc concerned, but that in his power- LABOR SURVEY HERE SHOWS SOURCES OF SUPPLY ADEQUATE Chamber Finds Average Number of Workers in Brooklyn Industries Is 137,962.

Sources of labor supply in Brooklyn are extensive enough to care for the ordinary demands of industry or even an unusual labor demand, a survey by the Industrial Department of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce discloses. Employers throughout the city are giving more and more thought to the education of their labor supply In the Industry so as to insure its permanence. According to the latest statistics, Brooklyn has a population of and the latest census returns show that the average number of wage earners employed in Brooklyn Industries is 137,962. This figure, according to F. G.

Wadsworth, manager of the Industrial Department of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, will In times of maximum Industrial activity Jump to more than 170,000 with a normal employment of approximately 137,000. It would seem from these figures mat urokiyn should be able to sun- ply any demands that would be made of industry for manpower, but there in aaaiuon 10 industry's demands upon labor those of the commercial, public service and professional voca- MUUO. Instruction for Employees. Twenty-three percent of Brooklyn's industries now provide some form of instruction for employees, according icucu, survey maae oy tne Management Club of the Brooklvn cham ber of Commerce. This figure is based uu on investigation oi 113 industrial establishments of the more progressive type.

In some Instances mutual welfare or benefit societies have ized in the plant, and these societies have control over the social educational development programs, the management having reduced to a minimum its direct participation In extra activities of employees. The trade and continuation schools of Brooklyn contribute largely to our labor market. At present there are enrolled in our day and evening trade and continuation schools more than 10.000 pupils. These boys and girls are receiving instruction in metal trades, printing trades, boot and shoe trades, wood working and electrical iraaes. Value of Educational Work.

In regard to the value of educa tional work for foremen and ployees, it is stated that the experience of manufacturers who hav h. veloped courses in their plants is such as to Justify any reasonable expenditure involved in the administration of an educational program. Perhaps the most outstanding Industrial educational work being done In Brooklyn Is that of the Brooklyn Edison Company, which has had a well-organized educational program in operation for a number of veara. More than 2.000 employees of the urooaiyn exnson company enroll voluntarily each year In courses given at the expense of the company, but on the employees' time. Another important educational de.

velopment Is that of the Shoe Manufacturers' Board of Trade In co-operation with the Board of Education of New York City in the establishment of schools for the training of snoe memory woraers. Better trained foremen and em ployees will produce more and better goods Chamber of Commerce officials say, and Brooklyn should be known for both the quality and the quantity of its manufactured products. The development of men employed In Industries, It is stated, is the secret to keeping the labor market up to a nign stanoaro. we passed out the host showed us the live durks In a crate and some carp swimming about in a tub that were to delight another group of banqueters later In the evening. Strange as It may seem, the mca! was not heavy, even for the Brooklyn neophyte, who at least tasted every dish.

But one would not rare to confront a Chinese feast too often. One Year to Pay-Five Years to Own Topsy-Turvy hawthome blossom juice that had all the delicate flavor of the best South American guava jelly. Then there were white sugared peanuts and fruits. The dishes were In fours, the fruits were in fours and later on the courses were served in fours. This, too, Is tradition.

Feast Gels Under Way. With dessert disposed of the feast was under way. The order in whlcn Chinese food is served is so topsyturvy from our point of view that one wonders what rule of taste or sense persuaded the Chinese to adopt it. Cocktail No. a consisted of kao liang, broomcorn spirits.

The spirits reiined from tne tuit ot the broom-corn are so strong that they burn with a lovely blue flame. The effect upon the throat as it trickles down Is similar to that produced by vodka. Only a hard drinker could possibly like it. The rice wine, called siao sing, after the province near Nlngpo, wnere it was iirst made, is much more to Western taste. Only Chopsticks Used.

Small bits of fish fried In bread crumbs provided a logical beginning lor tne feast proper. But three other courses were served with it the vegetable wick from the inside of bamboo stalks, finely chopped chicken boiled down to a pulp, and pigeon eggs fried with a crust of dough. To manipulate the latter with chopsticks requires expert fingers. Many a Westerner who thought he was getting on famously with the Ivory wands has been disillusioned when he tried to pick up one of these eggs. It is said that the highest degree in the chopstick art is awarded to those who are able to pass a pigeon egg back and forth to one another three times without a miss.

All these dishes are placed in the center of the round table and each guest reaches with his chopsticks. Foreign guests usually make the mistake of eating too much from the early dishes, thus leaving no room for the Climatic duck. Soup was next. Doughballs, filled with chopped meat and vegetables, swam about in It. There was another kind flavored with mushrooms and lotus seed.

Fried duck livers were delicious, but too rich -for internal comfort. Bits of fried spring chicken were more easily assimilated. Then came coolie chow for variety, a kind of steamed bread. With this was served bean curd made of soy beans, mashed, Jellied and covered with dried, powdered salted shrimp. Duck Wrapped in Flapjacks.

By this time one began to wonder when the duck dinner would begin. The arrival of spring onions, pickled cucumbers, bean sauce, pickled turnips, raw cucumbers and a fried cake made of flour mixed with sesa-mum seed told the Initiated that the great moment was at hand. Sugared steamed bread was followed by the arrival of flour and water flapjacks in which the pieces of duck were to be wrapped and rolled. Now the well-browned bird was brought in and shown to the applauding guests. It disappeared and a minute later plates filled with small bits of duck were brought In.

The proper procedure was to place a few bits of duck in the center of a flapjack. add pickled vegetable or onion to suit the taste, roll up the mixture and then bite It off, bit by bit. The duck was done to a turn and admirably flavored. There was a pickled sauce in lieu of salt. In spile of all that had gone before, the duck was still popular and plate after plate was consumed as fast as it appeared.

Finally the hard-working waiter exhibited the skeleton to show that he was holding nothing back, and then served the guest of honor with the duck's balns, which are accounted a ery special delicacy. More Soups Afler the Duck. Sweet soup, of all things, followed the dtirk. There was also a red ric? soup colored with powdered red beans, and a noodle soup llavored with sea slues from Borneo. Hot tea.

which es served In lieu of water at the beginning of the mral. came aftaln at (Me end. But the soup vas the last tJIfii as sweets had been the first. The cost of this varied gastronomic was not evresslve. Less than $2 per capita covered food and Urluk and a generous kumshah.

As By H. V. KALTENBORN. (A'soeiale Editor ol The Eagle on Tour of the Orient.) Peking, China, Sept. 17 If you have never eaten Peking duck, prepared by one of this city's famous cooks and served In the approved Chinese style, your gastronomic education Is not complete.

There is one restaurant in China's ancient capital which has roasted duck In the same oven and served it on the same deep-scarred, wooden tables for more than two centuries. Tt is a dark, dinsrv. grimy place In the heart of the Chinese city where no one speaks anything but Chinese and where tourists are unknown. No ordinary bird i3 the duck of Peking. It Is hand-fed with choicest morsels.

Food is even crammed down its throat. Early in life it grows so fat that it can no longer waddle and topples helpless on its side. Like the famous Strassburg goose, It leads a life of luxurious idleness until its hour strikes. Feasts Are, Prolonged. Chinese feasts are endless.

Two days ago there was one here which lasted from 2 o'clock in the afternoon to 10 o'clock at night. In that time 128 separate courses were served to the guests. The variety Chinese food and the Ingenuity with which it is prepared must be seen and tasted to be appreciated. Here, then, Is the summarized story of one Chinese meal. By special reauest a dozen courses were eliminated, since experience has taueht the ooorlv trained eaters of the Occident that they are unequal to more than half of what the Chinese consider necessary to a well-rounded meal.

Of course, this refers to the rich Chinese, and there are many such. They spend a fortune on a feast as our rich men spend it on some elaborate entertainment. In China there is vintage food as in Europe there Is vintage wine. Every feast includes at least one dish that Is rare and costly. Rice Wine Freely Imbibed.

In Chinese restaurants you do not a meal you buy a table. Whether you have six guests or ten, the charge is-the same. At Peking's famous duck restaurant It is best to order In advance so as to tell them what you want and also to be sure to get one ot the little private rooms. There is no public room in any Chinese restaurant. Thi Chinese drink heavily of rice wine at their feasts and become quite boisterous and hilarious in playing the rime of guessing how many fingers their opponent will put up.

In this game it Is the loser who must drink, so both players get satisfaction. Rice wine runs about 15 percent alcohol. It is rather tastv. par ticularly when hot, which Is the way Chinese drink It. There is some thing about It which stimulates diges tion and at the same time It cuts the oil In which so much Chinese food is cooked.

Food Is Repellant. A long, loud cry, similar to an Indian war whoop, greeted our arrival at the House of the Duck. It was taken up by some one In the building and re-echoed until it reached the waiter in charge of our room Proprietor, cooks and waiters all smiled and bowed as we entered. On (he left and right were the kitchen stoves small cylindrical pots, red hot within, burning coal balls and the supplies. Chinese food In the raw Is weird and unappetizing.

One should not examine It too closely. We groped our way up dingy stairs to a small upper room, where an electric bulb in i reduced a strange note of modernity. Two tables were rpread. The smaller one contained dishes of salted pumpkin seeds. The Chinese crack these with their teeth so that the kernel rnmes out whole, but this takes practice.

Once you succeed In separating shell and kernel, the meal Is tasty and thftst-provoking. A curious light -red warm tne wa served by wav of a cocktail. It smelled and tis'ed like roses. On the miin taV.e were delirious rendtert walnut, frird In fat and then ni'we'1. Prunerly thMO would find ready marle-t In sweris- lov'ng Amerlep.

On other pla'cs were Chine. aimonds. more tlian ours, also candied, new Packard Six models? Perhaps your car is worth more than the down payment in which case you may have sl new Packard without any money outlay and with the small monthly payments made smaller because of credit for your old car. The new Packard Six is offered in twelve standard body types at prices from $2275 to $2785 at the factory. average Packard Six purchaser keeps his car five times as long as its payment period.

knows that it is far better to buy, a long-life car the payment plan than a short-life car for cash. not let us tell you how your present car is and then apply its value the down and monthly payments on one of the PACK A El THE AN WHO PACKARD MOTOR CAR OF N. BROOKLYN BRANCH Packard Building Atlantic and Classon Avenues PHpNE PROSPECT 3400' OPEN EVENINGS DEALERS F. J. GRYL, 1606 Bushwick Ave, Dickens 7800 BAY RIDGE MOTOR SALES, 4814 Fourth Sunset 3071 KENSON MOTOR COMPANY, 1602 Avenue Esplanade 2301.