The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 56

BROOKLYN EA3LF, JUNE 9, 1946 compared with 540 In Flatbuah.trolled the Heights controlled 302 in Busnwick, 282 in New New York City. the horsepower-propelled ferry, which had succeeded the row boat ferry. But loyal Brooklynites, urging their fellow cltisensj to "manfully assert our rights -of Brooklyn held their first town meeting since 1776 and ln 1783 Brooklyn was recognized as a town under the jurisdiction of Albany. There were earthworks and 300 Years of Breukelen Founding to Now trenches built from Wallabout to Gowanus and the colonials Utrecht and 268 in FUtlands. That was the year the General Assembly of the Province rowed over to Brooklyn to meet at the house of the Widow Sickle be By 1798 there were 1,603 In were set to resist the British onslaught when sickness felled in the face of New York's bland assumptions, stumped for incorporation of the village to make cause of the smallpox epidemic habitants in Brooklyn.

Elegant houses were being built on Brooklyn Heights, known as two-thirds of the Continental army. In one of the brilliant de 'maferdam cisions of the war Washington such assertion easier. New Village Government Forme In January of 1816 the citizens Clover Hill, and the Courier and New York and Long Island Advertiser, Brooklyn's first news decided not to fight but to try in New In 1758 assessments were made for a new court and "gaol" and a bear was killed outside Cornelius Sebrings house In Red Hook. Brooklyn by now was a link In the chain of British colonies to extricate his army Intact, preferring to save it to fight an paper, appeared on the streets. from.

In 1801 the United States Gov G-owanus of Brooklyn accordingly gath ered at Lawrence rower's tav. era to discuss the matter. Coming to quick agreement, they adjourned to the tap room to ernment set up a navy yard in Wallabout other day rather than slaughter it in unequal contest Under cover of darkness, with careful maneuvering, the ragged, weak Americans slipped away ln Me 1trecAt There followed busy, growing and part of the royal mall route years, interrupted only slightly by the new shadow of war ln sloops, barges, rowboats any between New York and Virginia which was so beset by highwaymen that redcoats under the celebrate and in April, thanks to quick approving action by the Legislature, a new village government was formed. thing afloat brought from command of a captain followed 1812. Again Brooklynltes expected their land to be a battleground, but it was untouched.

After two years of nervous waiting and rifle practice on the vil The new trustees had their each coach. The route in Brook Continaad Fran Faf 1A Nelherland granted to particular Colonies, which election nbscrlbed by them, with express stipulation that If anyons refuse to submit in the premises aforesaid to the aboye-mentloned Jan Evertsen and Hayek Aertsen, he shall forfeit the light he claims to land in the allotment of Brenckelen, and in order that everything may be done with more authority, "We, the Director and Council aforesaid, have therefore authorized and appointed, and do hereby authorize the said Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen to be schepens of Breucke len; and In case, Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen do hereafter find the labor too onerous, they shall be at liberty to select two more from among the inhabitants of Brenckelen to adjoin them to themselves. We charge and command every inhabitant of Brenckelen to acknowledge and respect the above-mentioned Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen as their schepens, and if anyone shall be found to exhibit con-tumaciousness toward them, he shall forfeit his share as above stated. This done in Council in Fort Amsterdam in New Xetherland." Later, after Governor Kieft was recalled, to perish on the shores of Ireland when his ship lost its course, the irascible, honest Peter Stuyvesant gave Breuckelen the motto which is fitting even today with its emphasis on unity and building together: "Eendraght maagt maght" "By unity little things increase." Meanwhile, Governor Stuyvesant found that his predecessor had left him much house-cleaning to be done. To shut off popular Spuyten Duyvil and Hellgate by the Salem and Marblehead fishermen.

Dawn, rainy and bleak, came before all the men lyn led from the ferry landing hands full and many a man must have hearkened back at the foot of Fulton St to Flat- lage green, the Fusiliers stored were across, and then a provi bush and New Utrecht, where their green coats and Roman dential fog broke, cloaking the old Jan Evertsen and understood, for the first time, why he almost preferred leaving the the coach went by ferry to caps and the "Katydid" riflemen final retreat. When the fog lift Staten Island. New Yorkers had to come to Brooklyn to get the confided their unused yellow- ed, the Heights were deserted. OLD BREUKELEN AND NEW These two maps of now and old Netherlands give striking evidence of how the early Dutch settlers perpetuated the names of their old well-loved home towns in the New World. Above, left, New Amsterdam, Breuckelen, New Utrecht and Amersfoort not only have names identical to towns in Holland but have similar sites relative to (above right) old Amsterdam on the Zuyder Zee, Breuckelen on the Vecht, Utrecht and Amersfoort far across the ocean.

fringed green frocks to the attic Belatedly a British cannon coach. --probably with some regret awoke and rolled a futile volley New World to constabling. If present-day Brooklynitei felt that the entrance to Brook lyn directly in front of the Brooklyn Bridge is unworthy There was slavery In Brook Meanwhile, in 1807, Robert Fulton's steamboat Clermont lyn all this while, but it was at the last sloop. Washington had saved his army in the Revo had chugged up the Hudson. lution's most critical action.

slowly dying out and the last real sale of human beings in Brooklyn took place in 1773, and pressed for the coming Civio Center, the villagers of 1818 For the next seven years Fulton and his patron, Robert R. Livingston, soon had no trouble obtaining exclusive when four slaves of the estate must have been apoplectic. As Brooklyn was an occupied hamlet. The British prison ships there were medicinal herbs and on him. The British landed more of Heltje Rappelje of Wallabout seeds brought from Holland at one left the ferry at the foot of Fulton a huddle of petty rights in steam navigation in troops.

Finally the white flag New York waters. were put on the block. Slavery was. not made illegal in New York State until 1827 and New the behest of Stuyvesant, who was paternalistic beneath his grog shops, stores and shanties stood off Wallabout, plagued by typhus, smallpox and famine. They were floating hells, peopled with corpses like the Buch- went up over the fort and.

sun glinting on his white hair and the silver bands on his artificial Rubbing salt in old wounda, met the eye. Ragged urchins. discontent he ordered an election to be held so that there would they went to New York City to tough exterior. The women York City had periodic slave colorful market men, tough sailors, slaves loitered on the obtain a lease of Brooklyn's Old De popular represemauun u.e D.Cui...- ipfckied and dried fish for the leg, Governor Stuyvesant in at ive was its busy founder and chief law officer, Jan Evertsen. winter and pickled oysters, calm dignity stomped up the enwalds of our day.

The stench drifted in on the breeze and the Ferry from the New York ferry crooked cartways. There was a The sop was not enough and Breuckelen played a prominent part stench and more than a stench refuse and offal thrown in some of which were exported, gangplank of a ship waiting to ct1( i me btamp Act Duck, goose, turkey and venison: take him to Holland. wer being carried around were commonplace on the menu On Sent. 8. 1664 Governor laJ1beed "The Folly of corporation, to run from 1814 to 1839, setting up a three-cornered relationship between city, company and village that outraged Brooklyn.

Brooklynites had no objection to the ferry it in subsequent opposition to the authority assumed by btuyvesant. The governor was so irritated that he hotly ordered Breuckelen residents, together with those of Amersfoort and Midwout (Flat-bush, founded in 1651), to stay away from meetings in New England and the Ruin of Amer- ana 10 annK mere were mux. Nicolls ra sed the fla of harassed colonials shuddered and held their peace, helpless. The blockade deprived them of salt, they were taxed beyond reason, cutthroats and marauders from the billeted British army, made up in part of mer discriminately on the dirt walks that passed for streets from stables, tar sheds, tanneries and and cider and Barbados rum. Unlike the strait-laced English Amsterdam, ica." Flags stood at half-mast, bells tolled, houses were draped in mourning.

Dutch at heart, the people of Brooklyn awaited the impending conflict with in New England, the Dutch Bluster, as usual, was unable to drown out the small voice of slaughterhouses. There were no street lamps and few corner pumps. And everywhere there self. They cheered in 1814 when the steamboat Nassau made its first historic trip over the East I cenaries and pardoned crimi truth and in 1654 Stuyvesant reluctantly gave the towns the local Jurisdiction they sought. There was a catch, though.

They had to nals, plundered them. Speaking mixed feelings but, unlike River, sounding the knell for Continued en Psf ISA Dutch was forbidden and the old land on Fort Nassau and named New Amsterdam New York, in honor of the Duke of York, to whom he was gentleman of the bedchamber. The territory was called Yorkshire and Breuckelen became part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The life of the colonists continued much the same under English rule. Governor Nicolls Queens, which was openly Loy use the self-government they had demanded so vigorously ana no alist, and Flatlands, which was neutral, Brooklyn stoutly sent citizen was permitted to refuse public office.

The ubiquitous and aging Jan Evertsen by this time, how never thought it sinful to be comfortable and they spent the Sabbath as much in visiting as in meditation. They put out wooden shoes on St Nicholas Day, giggled on "Vrower Dagh" (St Valentine's Day) and colored eggs for Easter. Some of the best observers were the Labadist missionaries, delegates to the Provincial Con gress and voted sympathy with Massachusetts in May, 1775, in its first official action of the ever, was weary of his responsibilities and announced he would no longer serve as schepen. He would return to Holland first, he swore. Next thing he knew, crusty old Stuyvesant had obtained passage home for him on the King Solomon.

The Governor doubtless chuckled in his manor across the river when notified that there Dutch names erased. It was a time of misery for most There Were Quislings Then There were those who rejoiced in the British occupation, the Tories and the moneymakers who put gold above patriotism. There were flirtations between ignorant, pretty girls and the handsome redcoats. When peace came in 1783 and the gentlemen of Kings County drank toasts in the alehouse, those who had prospered under the occupation was conciliatory and Breuckelen was given a charter containing the boundaries of the early Revolution. They Battled for the Heights who traveled around Brooklyn in 1679.

They visited Simon de Hart in Gowanus Cove, at the By the Fourth of July In 1776, Dutch patent. One Robert Hollis obtained a monopoly on grog- had been a resurgence of civic spirit in Jan Evertsen's breast and that he would be willing nay, delighted to get back to lawgiving. Nobody ever declined public office after that. In 16G0, weary of the two-hour journey to Midwout for church, there were 400 transports an- Greetings to Brooklyn on her three hundredth birthday from FLATBUSH FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION 2146 NOSTRAND BROOKLYN ORGANIZED 1883 SAVINGS AND HOME MORTGAGES OFFICERS ALBERT II. DAVIS President GEORGE L.

O'NEILL Vice-President ROBERT T. WEIL Treasurer JOSEPH MERCK Secretary and Vice-President HELEN T. FREY Assistant Secretary DIRECTORS foot of 38th and dined mag selling in Breuckelen in near Staten Island with nificently on a "pail full of Go- and in 1676 Breuckelen was 24,000 troops and 37 men-of-war. Breuckelen got a meeting place and dominie of its own, the Rev. wanus oysters which are the 'made the official market town.

and Henricus Selvns. scholar By this time Breuckelen was best in the country," some be-ing more than a foot long; roast transport of tneir crops ana ne master's fishing. House and the leading village in Long Island, having 60 assessed per fled, in terror for their lives. There were auctions of soldiers' effects and the Heights lands of the Tory Rappelje were sold to gentleman. A year later came the first schoolmaster, Carel de Beauvois, an educated French Prntpstant from Levden who ed haunch of venison, wild turkey and goose and watermelon.

barn were surrounded by pali sons on the rolls, compared to sades, for the Indians were an ever-present menace. Behind They also visited closest rival, Midwout, a man named Sands. "The Kings was also court messenger, grave- Arms" put an eagle in the device digger, bell-ringer and general that was the pasture and farm- Cortelyou in New Utrecht and which had 54. In 1683, Kings reported sleeping in the barn County was set up by act of the There was firing at the Narrows off Deny's Landing, now Fort Hamilton, and Nancy Cortelyou climbed the top of a high hill near the Narrows to wave her petticoat in greeting to General Howe and his men. Without opposition the British landed at New Utrecht and through the long Summer days the battle lines inched forward.

Finally, by the end of August, the crucial phase of the Battle of Long Island was reached at Brooklyn! Heights for whichever side con-j mg plot with the forest ana handvman. There were 134 per over its hostelry and Brooklyn and Queens fought for two years with the pigs, sheep, dogs and Colonial Legislature, contain- successfully over a tax lev cocks. The lowing and grunting jing the five Dutch towns later and barking were to be known as Brooklyn from i STANLEY ANDREWS ALFRED L. CAMPBELL WALTER L. CASTLE JOHN S.

CHESSLIN ALBERT H. DAVIS JOSEPH MERCK GEORGE L. O'NEILL ROBERT T. WEIL woodlot to the rear. There was more work than could be handled and the Dutch had slaves, brought from Africa on the Witterpaert and the Gid- sons living in the village at the time, divided among 30 families.

It Was a Full Life They Led It was a full life these early they said, and the vermin were, the name of the leading town, ied by the new State of New York on the ground that the war had been a source of profit to All town and county records vigorous, as befit inhabitants of FREDERICK C. WHITEHOUSE DANIEL McNAMARA, Counsel a young country. They had no objection to the accommodations, them. 1 In 1784 the grateful citizens though the son of the house shared their rick. The little communities were from the year 1700 to the close of the Revolution have disappeared, so all that can be learned of the period is from private archives.

One thing is certain. There was none of the persecution marking the life of New England at the time, or witch trials like the contemporary settlers led. The colonists of eon. They grew tobacco on some decades before had lived Plantations near the Wallabout; Imuch of it was exported and ittle better than the Indians-1 considered the finest in the New in excavations hollowed out of WorW For their QWn use tney the sides of hills or in sapling i cottQn which waa woyen lean-tos lined with bark andwith Brooklynite ln thatched with reeds. m6 wrQte admiringly of a bed.

By this time the houses werejspread he was usjng the cot-made of lumber planed by the; ton of which as well as the wool always pin points of civilization beset by pestilence within and floods and savages without. In 1663 Breuckelen was warned to furnish men to be "kept ready ones at Salem. A classic Brook- quarrel had its beginnings rude sawmills and soon there was raised on my Ulc one or ine.i. wprp stone houses, fashioned 'farm" 1 other place in danger, which 1 lor me protection of one or thejiyn in tnis period, though the may God avert!" It was the first i struggle with New York about after the comfortable ones in! Mattress Fillinit the fatherland, with chimneys seaweea Ior Mattress lining and great stoves standing higher Sedge grass was gathered to than a man. Good fires of oak thatch roofs and seaweed.

town and ferry rights for, by some quixotic decision, the New York City limits had been put 3 OOYeanYoungJ storm warning for the cloudburst that broke on an August morning in 1664 when the British fleet, unannounced, anchored in Gravesend Bay. New England Troops March In Staten Island fell first and then a body of New England on Breuckelen soil, thereby depriving the town of any rights to the East River or its own waterfront. fS In 1703, Brookland's im-proveable lands and meadows" washed and dried, made mattress fillings. Small pohd3 were widened and tide mills ran in six-hour stints by the power furnished by the action of the and hickory roared in the fireplaces and on chill days the whole family sat around the benches lining them. Light was from tallow candles or sperm whale oil.

Later there were pewter implements, to be replaced by silver imported from Holland, and blue and white volunteers landed on Long Island and encamped in Breucke- numbered 5,177 acres and the following year the main road or wi 1 1 nr. jcai ctic main I idU ui tides on marshy, sluggish streams. Salt hay was cut and stored to feed the precious iA A highway," now Fulton ernor Stuyvesant cattle imported from Europe. stamped was laid out tiles which the industrious Some of the farmers cultivated wooden leg and swore, "I would rtiilrh hnnspwivps srruhhed silkworms, also in rather be carried out dead than And Bear R'd Hook imported, til they gleamed. The farms were arranged their mulberry trees.

Of food and drink there was surrender!" Then delegations of 1 In 173 8 Breuckelen's, or weeping women began to call Brookland's, population was 721, with water in front, easing plenty, and in time of illness Greetings TO OUR Borough of Brooklyn On Her 300th Anniversary Sincere Greetings to Brooklyn on its Tercentenary June 12, 1946 and hearty congratulations on the splendid progress of this fine community for 300 years Services for Your Convenience Although 300 years have passed since "Breuckelen" became a political entity, its spirit is young and forward looking. For 96 of these 300 years South Brooklyn Savings Bank has helped succeeding generations of Brooklyn citizens to better their lives and advance the community through their thrift. We look forward to an era of even greater service, to thrifty people and we invite you to call upon us for assistance on all your savings needs. Our modern banking services include Special G. I.

Loan Service to help Veterans of World War 1 1 own their homes promptly and economically. Safe Deposit Boxes G. I. Loans Foreign Drafts F.H.A. Modernization Loans Mori gaga Loans Banking by Mail Chrittmas Club Savings Bank Money Orders FULTON SAVINGS BANK CHARTERED 1867 375 FULTON ST.

815 FLATBUSH AVE. BROOKLYN, N. Y. KINGS HIGHWAY SAVINGS BANK 1602 KINGS HIGHWAY AT EAST 16th STREET BROOKLYN 29, N. Y.

TRUSTEES OFFICERS PAUL W. CONNELLVrjWent G. WM. RASCH Sr.V.P. BERTHOLD FALLERT Sr.

V. P. GERARD BAETZK. P. Compl.

ALFRED OBERTI ice Pretident Assistant to the President WILLARD H. PEARSALLK. P. CHARLES DVORA1C Secretary LOUIS J. JAMES G.

MAHER Asst. Secy. HOWARD O. PATTERSON, Jr. Asst.

Secy. STEPHEN WADE Auditor TRUSTEES G. WM. RASCH BERTHOLD FALLERT OTTO E. RE1MER BERNARD RENTROP CYRUS S.

JULLIEN PAUL W. CONNELLY CHARLES E. LARSEN FRANK RUSSELL F. CHRISTOPHER WEBER ANDREW J. GONNOUD BRYANT F.

GILMOUR CHARLES A. GORMAN GEORGE G. BAXTER DANIEL T. ROWE MELVILLE 1. FRANCE WILLIAM K.

CAIRNS, JR. WESLEY A. ROCHE WILLIAM A. LANE RALPH B. ANNIS WILLIAM K.

SWART I WILLIAM R. BATES JOHN W. JAMES MART IS A. VOM LEHX JOHS B. CRE1GHTON GEORGE A.

MARSHALL J. ARTHUR SE1DMAN THOMAS E. CIS.SEY Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation INTEREST FROM DAY OF DEPOSIT on turns remaining in the Bank to tht end of th quarterly period. J. WARREN SLATTERY COUNSEL Wingate Cullen MSVBIK FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSVRANCt CORPORATION IFtnr FFDFRtr.

DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORP. 5.