The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 10

MI Air Minded' Public Finds Inner Secrets of Flying As Museum Opens Exhibit Visitor at Museum of Peaceful Arts Given Privilege of Working Models to Learn Why Plane Lifts Off Ground, How Pilots Steer and Other Aviation Details. By JOHN J. It is perfectly plain why a have available a wind tunnel testing. That is exactly what at 24 W. 40th Manhattan, model of a wind tunne! the visitor operating it is able quite clearly why the to see lifts so gracefully off airplane the ground and soars away, swiftly and more surely more than a bird, into the azure vault.

This is one of the exhibits forinstalled Saturday and made mally public to meet the available to the demands of a public that is becomand more "air minded" ing more every day. exhibits include an inductor Other which can be set to any compass which the visitor can course and pilot would an airshift about as a and note how the indicator plane deviation from the tells of any This rather famous instrucourse. ment, by the way, manufactured by the is a Brooklyn product, being Pioneer Instrument Company. Also Bank Indicator. also the turn and bank There is 1 which tells the pilot when indicator, the level -speaking gravihe is on tationally, not ethically.

There is an anomometer for measuring wind speed; there is in a sextant which the aviator uses the position of the stars; cbserving model airport; there is ra- a there is a device for such producing as Dr. Alexanderson stationary dio waves, of laboratories uses in his the General Electric Company research altimeter for determining the there height of a plane above the ground; motion picture film taken at is a the rate of 20.000 pictures per sechow air acts around ond, showing airplane wings and propellers, elecand there is an exhibit showing the chemical properties of the trical and air itself. Brown, director of the Dr. F. C.

Museum of Peaceful Arts, formally exhibit Saturday and principles involved in opened explained the the action of each piece of apparatus as the visitor sees it. Museum Unique. This museum is unique in that 1 it the only one in which the exis hibits are so planned that the visis able to operate them. The itor exhibits are presented not alone to be admired but to be used, to operated and the operations because all moving parts are open to view. The wind tunnel is a long transtube in one end of which is parent a motor-driven fan which draws the through at speed to be deterair mined by the operator.

Suspended the middle tube is a small in from of a multiplying model metal, airplane. It is hung lever which indicates the amount of lift which the plane gets from the air past it. The effect is the rushing same as if the air were stationary the plane rushing through it. end Over the case of the wind tunnel i3 ail indicator showing the speed of the wind. Lift of Plane Varies.

By comparing the figures on the lift indicator and on the speed indicator one is able to secure visual evidence of the fact that the lift of an airplane varies, not directly with the velocity, but with the square of the velocity. That is, if the air speed is 10 miles per hour and the lift is 16 units, and the air speed is doubled to 20 miles per hour the lift does not increase to twice as much, but by the square of 2, or 4 times as much, to 64 units. Applying this to full size airplanes we have such figures as this: If an airplane traveling along the ground at the rate of 50 miles per hour gets a lift of 1,000 pounds, when it increases its speed to 100 miles per hour it is capable of lifting not twice as much, but four times as much or 4,000 pounds. That is the reason the airplanes lift into the air as they pick up speed on their run across. the airport.

All the pilot has to do is to jog the tail off the ground while the plane gains headway, and then "give her the gun," or speed up the motor, and a well designed plane will handle the rest of the problem of a straight flight without much attention from the pilot. Landing More Difficult. Landing is more difficult, as the plane loses lifting power quite rapidly as it slows down and the controls do not respond as well at reduced speed as they do at high speed. The moving picture film shows quite clearly how the airplane wings deflect the air upward as they move forward and in this way there is less air pressure on the top surfaces of the wing than there is on the bottom surface. This produces the upward lift that enables the airplane to overcome the effects of gravity.

The Inductor compass is mounted on a frame representing the fuselage of an airplane. At one end is the instrument board with its two dials, one for setting the course which it is intended to follow and the other a dial in front of which moves a needle that indicates whether the ship is deviating to the left or right of the course set. Dynamo on Model. In the rear of the frame is a dynamo. On this model it is motor driven, but when in use on a plane it rotated by the wind.

In an ordinary dynamo a current is generated by rotating wires in front of a magnet consisting of the frame of the dynamo. In the inductor compass the magnetic field of the earth is used instead. The lines of force in the earth's magnetic field extend. with some slight variations, directly north and south. This directional value of the earth's magnetic field enables the pilot to pick out the settings of the instrument which will give a zero reading on his course indicator.

If he deviates to one side the direction in which the current is generated will be indicated by a deflecting of the needle to one side, and if he deviates to the other side the current will pass through the circuit in the opposite direction and this will be indicated by the needle on his instrument, which is really only a galvanometer, familiar to all students of physics. Gases on Exhibit. The turn indicator, which also is made by the Pioneer Instrument Company, is essentially a sma' wind-driven gyroscope. If a gyroscope, supported in gimbals, is given THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE, NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 15, 1929. MEASURES PLANE'S LIFT Student operating the model wind tunnel at the Museum of the Peaceful Arts, 24 W.

40th Manhattan, and measuring the lift with different air speeds. How Our Streets Got That Way Clinton Avenue, Laid Out in 1832, Was Named for De Witt Clinton By JOHN C. SKINNER' Clinton which extends from the Navy Yard to Atlantic was laid out in 1832 as the main thoroughfare of a real estate development. Messrs. Pine and Van Antthe werp, auctioneers, of New York, as well as Brooklyn residents who bought land along it, named the avenue in honor of De Witt Clinton.

At that time Clinton's name was a byword every household. This famous New Yorker served the city and State many capacities, and at one time was candidate for the Presidency of the United States. In 1802 he was U. S. Senator from New York, then for two terms, 1803 to 1807 and 1811 to 1815, he was Mayor lots and laid out into streets much of New York City.

From 1817 to 1832 and from 1825 to 1828, he was Governor of New York State. However, he probably always best been known as the chief promoter of the Erie Canal, which was built during the years from 1817 to 1825. The avenue originally constituted a part of the farm owned by one John Spader, which was cut up into the same as are our real estate velopments of today. The original plans of the avenue called for its J. J.

CHICKERING, EDUCATOR, DIES John J. Chickering, former principal of Flushing High School and Superintendent of Public Schools in Queens, died yesterday in Pinehurst, N. after a brief illness of pneumonia. He resided at 515 Park Manhattan, and had gone to Pinehurst with Mrs. Chickering and their son, John J.

who was on his vacation from Princeton University. There are also surviving two sisters, Mrs. W. W. Beddell and Miss Frances Chickering.

A funeral service will be held in Pinehurst this afternoon and a second service with burial will take place later at North Andover, Mass. Mr. Chickering was 71 years old. He came from a long line teachers and professors, his father having been for many years professor in the Gallaudet College. He was c.

graduated from Amherst in 1879 and before coming to Queens was principal grammar school in Washington, D. C. He came to Flushing as principal of the Flushing High School and subsequently became District Superintendent of in the former village of Flushing. On consolidation of Greater New York he became a district superintendent. He retired from the school system in 1911.

SALVATORE IANORA HONORED. The lodges Monte Carmelo and La Riscossa of the Sons of Italy gave a dinner and dance in honor of Salvatore Ianora last night at the St. George Hotel. The honorary were Salvatore Parisi, Dr. Alfredo Ianora, Dr, L.

Clone and Dr. J. De Cristofaro. In charge of arrangements were Nicola Cordiano, chairman; Francesco Manasia, Zalmiro Papocchia and Marcantonio Gerardi. Entertainment was provided by G.

Natelli and A. Siggismondo. URGES FEWER ARRESTS. In the current issue of Panel, organ of the Grand Jurors Association of Manhattan, Joseph Fulling Fishman, penologist, holds that jail sentences of 10 days or less are futile and advocates fewer arrests and more diplomacy by patrolmen in the case of inconsequential offenses. Heads or Tails? DO where you consider have it to easy your to advantage the to heads bank of you access the Company rather than where you are sent from pillar to post -perhaps to land at the tail-end of the batting order? If so, we suggest that you look into our facilities for serving your business or personal account.

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Loeser's-Rugs-Third Floor O'NEILL. plane goes up in the air if you and a model airplane to do some the Museum of Peaceful Arts has made available, a working a slight turn its axis will tilt up or down, pending on the direction in which it is turning, to an extent that is greater than the turn that caused it. This is the basis of the indicator. Gases which compose the atmosphere are the subject the exhibit furnished by Eimer Amend. Glass globes various sizes representing the proportions in which the gases are found 111 the air, range in size from one a foot in diameter for nitrogen down to one of pin-point size for xenon.

Small tubes filled with these gases are connected to an electric spark device which causes them to become luminous. Each gas shines with its own peculiar color of light. In front of the tubes is a small spectroscope by means of which the light in each tube can be split up into its component parts. Visitors are usually surprised to discover that in the spectrum of the vivid red light from neon there is a green line. Aviatrix Pays Visit.

Miss Eleanor Smith, the 17-yearold aviatrix of Freeport, who previously held the world's endurance record for women and is now preparing to get that record back again, visited the museum of Peaceful Arts last week. "What a fascinating remarked the demure young flier as she operated the wind tunnel model and the inductor compass. dada am going to spend a "Some whole here operating all these wonderful machines. "Making the public air minded is a most useful and necessary movement, and I am sure the efforts of the Museum will be helpful. A great many people still think that flying is a hazardous undertaking.

It 13 just about as hazardous as was riding on a trolley car 25 years ago. 'I think aviators could help in the work of making the public more air minded by using less technical language in talking about their machines and their flights. Some highsounding names are used to describe some very simple things and these technical names confuse the public. Flying, with a good machine in the hands of a competent pilot, is really very safe and no one should consider it the least bit hazardous." surveying from "the river to Jamaica road," which is the route it follows today. The lots, which measured 80x100 feet, were disposed of at auction to Baxter, Van Dyke, Halsey and Hunter families.

More lots soon after were sold to other prominent Brooklynites..