The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 5

Ml A 5 BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE, NEW YORK, SUNDAY, AUGUST 21, 1932 knowledge until the last WeKng Giant Navy Cameras to Shoot that a tury. Perhaps hnve rays. There ar a number of prob-1 able sources. The first most likely source ii the earth, then the sun and then the stars, which might be divided in a fool's paradise and nd Eclipse; One' Is 65 Feet Long Stratosphere Flight May Reveal Deadly or Beneficial Cosmic Ray stars of our own galaxy and ths outside universes. When observations made on tha surface of the earth were repeated during balloon ascensions, it was found thnt the intensity of the cos- The larger cameras will photograph diflerenct parts of the corona, the bright halo of light visible around the sun's edge when it is DR.

PICCARD LOOKING OVER HIS INSTRUMENTS covered by the moon during an miC ravs increased with the height eclipse. Great flame-like "promi- above the surface. This eliminated 1 nences rise from the sun's surface I'rof Piccard and Others Trying to Ascertain Nature of Spatial Phenomena, as Affecting Mankind on the Earth Washington, Aug. 20 A battery of giant cameras operated by the Navy will "shoot" the sun's eclipse Aug. 31 with a range and accuracy that the fleet's best gun crew can never hope to equal.

The Navy's "armament" of cameras, now readv to go into action on a Maine hilltop, rival In size and calibre the big guns of a battleship. They will do their shooting, however, over a range of 93.000,000 miles and every "shot" will be a direct hit. The largest camera is 65 feet long, with its lens mounted on a specially-built tower. Two others are 15 feet and 33 inches In focal length (distance from lens to plate) and the smallest is a movie camera 17 inches long with a four-inch lens. the earth as a source, because they came from the earth the intensity would decrease as the balloon got further away.

The sun was next suspected. If they came from the sun their eflects Please Turn to Page 11 and long streamers of light extend far out into space. The corona is believed to consist of super-heated gases, and the ictures will help determine what the gases are and furnish a clue to the materials of the sun itself. The corona also changes In shape during I the 11-year cycle of increasing and decreasing sun spots, and the pho- 1 By JOHN J. A.

O'NEILL Science Editor of The Eagle Success has come to Prof. August Piccard, the Belgian scientist, on his second voyage to the strato tcs may help reveal the reason for this. A NATION WIDE BUS SYSTEM sphere. The first trip made some months ago, while a success as a voyage, was practically barren of softer type of these cosm'e rays may be abundant abo.e atmosphere ai.J a. dly a ey are abundant.

Ii giant rocket type airoiiins are to be developed that will mount high into the stratosphere where they can travel at enormous velocities, enabling us to hop the oceans in a couple of hours, it would be well for us to know the nature of the cosmic rays to be found up there in order to be able to protect passengers against them, or if their effects are found to be beneficial to enable passengers to take advantage of them. Case of Captain Gray The fact that Professor Piccard and his assistant, Max Cosyn, have twice risen to heights greater than 10 miles indicates that the rays that get through their aluminum car are not particularly lethal and that It is possible to survive exposure to these rays for many hours without apparent ill effects Yet there is the case of Captain Gray of the U. S. Army, who went almost as high as professor Piccard, and was not protected by an aluminum car, and who was dead when his balloon got back to the earth. The X-rays and the gamma rays from radium, which may be closely related to cosmic rays, judging from certain indications of the properties as now known, have been used to produce new types of plant and animals.

They penetrate Into the germ cells and upset the arrangements of the genes, or units of inheritances, inside the chromosomes, and sometimes alter the arrangement of the chromosomes, thus producing entirely new types of organisms. Cannot Be Controlled All living cells contain these chromosomes and they are functioning in the processes of life. If they are being continually bombarded by penetrating cosmic rays then we are undoubtedly being continuously affected by these visit scientific results. Professor Piccard failed to get tPfCUl TO, TRfP tXCURStON WTFI for days to most puinta in U.S.rC anaia.HbortLinSr- t'm buses take yui evrry wtwro i Avur tin nwtHt antnir rmiLiHi. now engaged In a world-vide investigation of the cosmic rays, that cost the lives of two men in the desolate wastes of the mountains of Alaska.

Prof. Robert A. Millikan of the California Institute of Technology has conducted similar world-wide investigations, and has just announced the design of apparatus for making Investigations in airplanes at high altitudes. Seek Source of Rayj One of the problems of the scientists is to learn the source of the sr 1 1 11' 'A 111 Ml ii 0ST0H 4.00 IDS AMSEUS 52 Burr-mil a ihi Liui-aiifi ii pect of the cosmic ray problem. The type of cosmic rays that reach the surface of the earth are extremely penetrating.

They will pass through 20 feet of lead. They possess an immense amount of energy, but it is almost impossible to control such rays. Perhaps the cosmic rays that cannot penetrate the atmosphere can be more readily controlled and their energy transformed into electricity. After we learn more about these soft cosmic rays we may have floating power houses in the skies. At the present time we don't know much about cosmic rays.

We are not sure whether they are particles, like electrons or neutrons, moving through space at enormous velocities or whether they are vibrations like ordinary light. They may be either or they may be both. The fragmentary observations of the scientists point in all these directions. Professor Piceard's trips are just one item in a long list of romantic battles which the 'scientists of the I rmuoapm i oo-norfolk oo mnd hundreds or Bimitar nrinir. Aix-txet NSK TOIR Lfave your poclcelboolc home! Vt ASH1NOTON enlr 00 All throimh exprr-Mi hum Write ut today, or phono NEVINS 8 3143.

SHORT LINE BUS TERMINAL (Ljnl Eauem TermmU 619 Fulton Street FRANKLIN PASE Inc. Our rxtremety new lot overhead meant great taring to you FRANKLIN HOD Je I.me Cut Hedn FRANKLIN 10.10 Halnn Hpn ll 11(1 FRANKLIN 1B'J9 CraivCTIIbls ID.I.IHI FRANKLIN Kprle ii Hflin 31.YIH FRANKLIN K'rlM 11 KHtn V5.U0 PIERCE ARROW Ittt llrouiliam. Ilk iw R45.0D CHEVROLET mi) Totrh CHEVROLET W31 I'lurh SO.VIKI Mil many other nxnaln. al oiir new loratiun INVESTIGATE 1000 Atlantic Ave. Tel.

MAIn t-IOOO Brooklyn, N. T. world are fighting to learn about them. Prof. Arthur H.

Comp- ors from space, REAT EASTERN-CHESTER VALLEY barding the earth, and of the very existence of which we had no There is another utilitarian as- ton of the University of Chicago is HABRAHAM FULTON ST. ot HOYT any of the records of the cosmic rays for which the trip was made. On this second trip he has gotten the desired records. His experiments have been a success, he Indicated on his return to the earth. Just what the scientific results have been will not be known for a while.

The important point is that he has gotten readings on his instruments and from these readings he will be able to interpret the actions of the cosmic rays in the regions above the dense part of the earth's atmosphere. Important for Science It Is highly Important for science to know just what kind of cosmic rays are to be found in the stratosphere. They have examined every kind that can be detected on the highest mountains and In the deepest lakes, on the equator and near the poles. They would like to get out into interstellar space and make tests of the' radiation to be found out there. If any means of transportation can be found that will enable a man to get out Into space there are a number of scientists who would seize the opportunity for no other purpose at the present time than to study the cosmic rays out where there is no earth to interfere.

Professor Piccard, in making his trips to the stratosphere, is making the best of the limited transportation facilities in the direction of outer space. He is trying to get as far as possible above the earth's atmosphere because the atmosphere acts like a thick layer of solid mat-; ter and is known to act as an opaque body to certain kinds of radiation. I What They Think It is suspected by scientists that there are types of cosmic rays which have never reached the earth because the atmosphere shuts them off. The only way to be sure such rays exist Is to get above the atmosphere and make tests to in- dicate the presence of these rays. A similar situation exists with X-; rays.

There are so-called hard X-! rays and soft X-rays. If a high voltage tube is giving off all kinds of X-rays the softest X-rays can be filtered out by a thin sheet of aluminum. By increasing the thick ness of the sheets of metal through which the X-rays must pass an in-. creasing proportion of the harder rays are filtered out, and only the very hard X-rays, or those of the articles for every 90 household form would not be possible on the earth. Too long an exposure to the sun, and that may mean less than an hour for some people, will result in severe chemical burns on the skin and far-reaching changes in the chemical composition of the blood, producing a case of sun poisoning.

This is due to the invisible ultra violet rays in the sun's radiation and not to the heat rays which we feel. The ultra violet rays in trying to get through the atmosphere encounter oxygen. The rays change the ordinary form of oxygen to a rarer form called ozone. The ozone is opaque to the ultra violet rays. In this way the ultra violet radiation produces automatically a screen that shuts off the rays that would bring an end to life on the earth.

May Be a Fool's Paradise We have survived for unnumbered centuries the shower of cosmic rays that have been bom 73 need reduced to shortest wave length, are able to get through. It is the shorter, or softer. X-rays that cause burns and the lives of many scientists have been sacrificed to gain this knowledge, and many others have suffered amputations and disfiguring burns from long exposure to the soft X-rays against which no suspicion was directed for many years. What Is Nature of Rays? A similar situation may exist with respect to cosmic rays. The very penetrating rays that reach the surface of the earth may be harmless and the less penetrating, or softer, cosmic rays may be a death ray for all living matter.

We do not yet know that the very penetrating cosmic rays that reach the earth's surface and pass with terrific velocity through everything they encounter, are harmless. They may have far reaching effects on life. They may be the agency that is responsible for the continuing process of change that is taking place iving things, perhaps the vitalize factor that makes evolution Perhaps their effects are less beneficial and they are a disintegrating force that makes possible the continued existence of disease. Deathly Rays In the radiation from the sun is a vast amount of ultra violet radiation. Only a small amount of it reaches the earth and for that we have reason to be thankful.

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