The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York • Page 10

THE BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE SUNDAY. JULY 20, 1884. 10 parted brethren. It la surprising how they oan carry FOREIGN FACT AND COMMENT. SMITHT0WN.

UNDEETAKEES. LITERATUEE. springs of our religious and civil freedom," Dr. Seiss has published them together in book form, at the request of those who heard them. The historical facts are carefully collated and well put together, and the author must be classed as a sincere admirer of the principles and character of Luther and of the Eeformation hUBbands of hia two daughters were Friends In sentiment, if not enrolled members of the society.

It is a well known historloal faot that long before tho marriage of theBe daughters there was no other religion known or adopted in Fulshing but that of Unitarian Quakerism. In tho year 1672 George Fox, the Unitarian Quaker, came from England and had numerous meetings and interviews with the people of Flushing, and they all beeame his disciples. The Lawrencos wero Quakers then, and for ages tho Quaker leaven has been in the Lawrence family nod yot continues, notwithstanding the conventionalities and the customs of tho world havo drawn most of tbom into more fashionablo religious observances. The religioua affinities between Richard Smith and family and tho Lawrence family, long widely separated by distance, undoubtedly led to tho marital alliances between tho Smiths and tho Lawrences. Tho reasoning mind of Richard Smith led him to believe in and servo the one only living and true God, and to discard ail mysteries which tho word declarea to be snch, and which he hollered wero not consonant with reason and and a spiritual evidence.

Ho could not rocognizo a God in human flesh. His lessons to hia children undoubtedly partook very much of the current of his own thoughts. The question may here arise, "Has thiB man lived again iu his descendants? and have his characteristic endowments boon transmitted to his posterity The answer comes that they have, in degrees, and to an extent which has been raroly equaled In the likeness of descendants to their ancestors for Ions continued generations. The physical powers and Intellectual endowments of Richard Smith and his wif Sarah Folger could not fall to be impressed upon their posterity, and the evidence la found abundantly in the history of their descendants of former, on the undertaking business when they have no stores. To put the management of funerals Into the hands of one of the incompetent sextons simply means that where ho la there will be confusion and disorder.

In this city there are churches who won't allow their sextons to be undertakers, and consequently they have to pay them large salaries. Other churches do not pay salaries at all, and as a result the sextons become second elass undertakers." Continuing Mr. Dngan said: "It would be a good Idea to do away with the business which the second class sextons were carrying on. Years ago, the cabinet makers used to make coffins, but there was suoh a general war against them that they had to give It up. In those times the rich people were buried in coffins made of San Domingo mahogany, but it is very hard to get any of that material nowadays.

In the old times coffins were made by hand, and were very solid, lasting for many years. In most of the largo manufacturing places coffins are now mado by machinery. The improvements that have been made in their manufacture are most surprising. The boxeB in which our ancestors were put under ground had tho foot narrow, whila tha head was wide. The coffins of theBe latter days are made to resemble a casket as much as possible.

Coffins and caskets are now expensively lined. The best satin is generally used for this purpose, and the gown for the corpse, a much needed improvement, is a modern invention." Mr. Dugan objected to the decoration of a rich man's coffin. "Why should tho corpse be buried in a casket with a gold plate and gold handles he asked. "If Greenwood Cemetery were not properly guarded would not thloves enter it and steal these trimmings Among undertakers there is considerable talk as to the best means to adopt to get rid of tho installment plan.

A great deal of money is generally lost in this way, and it is mostly tho rich pooplo who do not pay up. Before a funeral takes place the ground where the body is to be interred baa to be paid for in advanoe. Mr. Dugan said ho had a bill against a man who re sided in this city for the burial ot his wife. When he went to his house a few months after the funeral, he was confronted with wife No.

2, who said that the bill would not be paid, as her husband did not like his first wife, and consequently did not propose pay the coat of hor transportation to the cemetery. "I thought differently," said Mr. Dugan, and I was about to commence proceedings against him whon he paid up, but not before he had emphasized his objections to tho amount of my bill. A few years ago some gentlemen tried to introduce tho iron metalio coffins into tho market, representing them as air tight. The coffins can nevor be made air tight, as has been proved on more than one occasion.

Coffins and caskets cost from $15 to $500 embalming a body from $13 to $15." EELIGI0US NOTES. The Christian Union says of the new Con gregational creed, in reply to Joseph Cook's attacks upon it It is a historic fact that it has been recognized as a sufficient statement of Congregational representative men of every prominent Congregational college, and of every Congregational theological sem inary, with one exception by tho pastors of the most important Congregational churches in the cities of iNow xom, iirooHiyn, at. iouis ana unicago (one oniy in the latter city taking exceptions to it), and by both the; two national organ of Congregationalism, the only protests to it coming from Boston, and there, we judge, ouiy from a small numoer oi protesters. Key. R.

C. Treat, rector of the Church of tho Redeemer In Brooklyn, Is to Bupply St. Thomas Church, New York, during tho absence of Dr. Morgan and his assistant on their Summer vacation. The Pan Presbyterian Counoil is to meet again in London threo years hence.

An inter ecclesiastical congress, composed of clergymen of different Protestant denominations, including the Episcopal, is to be held at New Haven in May, 1885. An invitation has been received by Messrs. Moody and Sankoy from the Evangelical Christians of India to visit that country. The question as to whether bands should bo allowed to play in the publio parks at Swansea, Wales, haa been the subject of much discussion. Tho Watch Oommlttoe recommend that bands of musio should be permitted to play on Sunday.

They hope by this means to moko the park attractive to the working men that patronize the drinking saloons, Leonard Woolsey Bacon is to remain as pas tor of the Woodland avenue Churob. at Philadelphia Pa. Harmony has hardly yet been reached on the instrumental musio question in the Irish Presbyterian Church. The recent General Assembly has left it in the Bame as did tho Assembly in 1883, The church has not sanctioned the use of instrumental muBio in public worship, but it refuses to discipline the few congregations which at present insist on using organs or harmoniums. The ministers appear to be more musically inclined than the elders.

The French government has decided not to recognize Pere Hyaeinthe'B church as a church, on account of its recent origin. The new Beformed Episcopal Theological Seminary, which will be opened next December in Chicago, will be the fifth theological school in that enterprising city. Tho library of tho late Bishop Cummins, which is Baid to be extensive and valuable, has been offered for tho ubo of tho institution by Mrs. Cumminp. The great tabernacle just completed in the Thousand Islands Park, is capable of seating 3,000 people, and 4,000 can be accommodated if necessary.

The Examiner (Baptist), says: "We have seen the very handsome letter addressed to Dr. A. G. LawBon, by tho Brooklyn Excise Commissioners, Richard Lauer and Thomas T. Evans.

They express their sincere regret that he 1b about to leave Brooklyn, and commend in the warmest terms the inoffensive and effective way in which he haB promoted the cause of temperance in that city," The contradicts the report that tha Rov. Mr, Dixon, of Baltimore, has been called to tho Marcy avenue Baptist Church in this city. It adds that no doubt that church would call him if he would accept the call, which seems to the Eagls like putting the cart before tho horso. Dr. Muller, Roman v1 jlio Bishop of Erie, says officially "Within the lu iyo or three months I have been asked repeatedly In schools where the Protestant Bible is read, Protestant prayerB are recited and Protestant hymns aung can Catholics allow their children to tako part in or be present at theBe exercises Can Catholic teachers, employed in such Bchoola be present at or tako part in such exeroises 1 These questions I answered then, and (as the matter concerns all) do so now, by adeoided negative." Bishop Kyle, of Liverpool, has solved, so far as he personally is concerned, the problem How to reaob.

the masses." He preaches in tho open air, in tho great ehipbuilding yards at tho noon intermission, and among tho 14,000 carters, with their wives and children, and the men of the great freight stations, having oftentimes from two to three thousand persons in one assembly. A newly organized church among the Zulus of South Africa has adopted as one of its rules "No member of this church shall be permitted to drink the white man's grog, or native beer, or touch It with his lips." The first ship sailing from Boston and carrying out missionaries to the heathen carried out grog also. The Bishop of Melbourne, Dr. James Moor house, and the clergy co operating with him are arousing a great deal of interest in the White Cross Army. They recoguizo fully that the promotion of social purity rests upon individual effort and individual influence; that tho only woy to lessen immorality id by personal influence and personal example.

They establish tho same standard of honor and purity among men that is imposed upon womon. Tho promoters of tho movement urge especially on mothers and wives to resolutely set their faces against and ostracize the gay young men of their acquaintance. Let every puce woman have it understood that no man of impure life can find an entrance into her home, or bo counted on her list of acquaintances. The Mormons are straining every effort to get a footing tn Bavaria, in spite of tho powers that bo. When a few years ago a regular Mormon settlement near Nuremberg was broken up, it was supposed that this would put a stop to the agitation of the Latter Day Saints, Another emissary, however, bearing tho name of Smoot, quietly cast his nets again and worked so effectively that the Minister of State, for the sake ot the public welfare, had him expelled from Bavarian territory.

The young men of St. Mary's Guild pro pose to publish in a book form The Inscriptions In St. Mary's Churchyard, Burlington, N. The Churchman, commenting on the progressive sort of men who are now elected to bishoprics in tho Protestant Episcopal Churoh, says it nVmivVh continue to select her bishops for their practical working qualities, and for their in; telligent sympathy with what is best in American life, it will do much to place our communion in the fore front of the religious organizations ox xne country. Several fine new churches, of the various denominations, aro being built In Chicago.

A company is being formed in London to mako electrio bicycles which will go six miles an hour. It waa bound to como to this, and will not be bound to that ten miios an hour all day long is tho problem to be solved. Persecution of the Poles is again rife. It is believed that tho Russian government entertatnB the Infamous Idea of driving the Poles to madness, in tho hope that amid tho excitement of a Polish insurrection tho attention of tho Russian peoplo may bo diverted from Nihilism. "Whale soup, a favorite delicacy among the coast population of Norway, is perhaps bettor known in Germony than is generally supposed, for, according to a German medical journal, a large quantity of the bo called dried turtle mado abroad and thero sold 1b, in faot, nothing more costly than dried whale.

If they (tho consumers) are happy, why disturb them 1 It seems curious to read in a London paper that Baron Rothschild haa purchased a large breeding stock of whito and Berkshire pigs, as he intends to establish a largo herd at ono of hia farm a in France. Tho idoa of the head of a Hobrow house so eminent going in for wholesale breeding of tho unclean animal Is enough, surely, to astound all Biraol, from Dan to Bocrshoba, M. Loborde, a French aoientist, haa been making experiments upon the head of Campi, the niur dorer, which will excite the disgust of a good many peoplo boeido vivisoctioniats. The carotid vein of tho man's head was conuected with tho carotid vein of a living dog, and then, tho stop being romoved, as tho blood was ejected through tho tubo the Hvidity of tho faco disappeared, and its natural color returned. The forohoad and checks were suiTused, tho lips became turgid and the eyelids moved.

It is difficult to eee what advantages to scienco can result from such disgusting expovimenta. Taken from its resting place by a revolutionary mob in 1848, and lost sight of for many years, there has just come to light, among tho curiosities in M. Edouurd Dontu's library in Paris, the skull of a man who chose for his study a wider field than that of letters Humanity "and of whom a chronicler of hia time has writton Noble by descent, greater in genius, most eminent in fortuno, and, what thou niayest wonder at, a priest in camps, a divino at court, a bishop without a cure, a cardinal without a title, a king without a name yet ono who waa all and that man waa Armand John du Plessis, Cardinal do Richolieu. An interesting record has beon published of the ascents of Mount Blanc Alpino travelers will be glad to learn how often the mountain has boon climbed or attempted, and tho nationality of mountaineers. Mount Blano was first asconded in 1786.

Tho hardy adventurers wero Frenchmen. Betweou tbat year and 1876 no fewer than 535 expeditions, consisting of 661 persons, reached tho highest point, known as tho Monarch. Of successful attempts 115 wero mado from 1788 to 1801, while in following fifteen years no loss than 420 such aro recorded. Among tho (161 persons who ascended Mount Blano 385 wero Euglish, 110 French, 70 Americans, 34 Germans, 30 SwIbb, 8 Italians, 7 Russians, 0 Australians, 4 Spaniard, 3 Poles, 3 Dutch, 1 Swedo and 1 Norwegian. Tho number of victims claimed by Mount Blano during the last century amounts to about thirty.

The ex Empress Eugenie's volumo of remin isconcea, which sho lias boen encouraged to writo by Queen Victoria, in to bo forthcoming immediately. Written In oxoellont and graceful Kronen, it is being translated Into Kngllsh, and will probably bo published Bimultanoously in London and Paris. Though it will bo almost impossible for so keen a politician as the Empress of tho French to avoid thoso references which touch upon poltticsi it ia (said that the objoct of tha book will be rather to tell a personal story frankly than either to justify tho Empiro or to raiBo again past controversy. There will be more about the dear, dead son than anything else, and tho memorial will come down to the day of his funeral at Chisloburst. The ex Em preBS is living moro rotircd than ever now, and has no moro Interest in politics than ia involved In her old quarrel with Princo Jerome and her deairo that Prtnco Victor should bo recognized as hoir to the Bonapartes.

The mysterious vail that has hitherto concealed from public gaze tho country residence of 'Prince Bismarck is about being liftotk Tho Chancellor haa given pormisslon to a photographer to take and publish views, not only of tho exterior but also of the ln terior of his rural possessions. Those who havo been fortunate enough to catch a glimpse of the villalike manor behind tho red brick wall surrounding it express thomselvos much disappointed at its Bimpllolty, tho houso being an anything but pioaBing whitewashed dwelling, with low windows and without any architec tural ornament from tho plain tiled roof down to tho wooden doors. Tho interior is arranged with much comfort and elegance. In tho dark beech forost under tho gray northern sky the proprietor loves to waUl daily for hours together, rarely meeting a human being or hearing any other sound save that of the passing railway trains. A French physician has jUBt made known a somewhat enjoyable, but, novertholess, a rathor dangerous remedy for BleeplesBnoss.

The panacea has tho merit of being froo from soporifics, and In fact of medicinal doses of any kind. It is tho simple one of reading In bed. The doctor recommends that bod curtains bo dispensed with, and, to make tho candle safe, it should bo placed on a pedestal behind tho head of tho reader as ho lies on the right sido with book to tho light. The roading proscribed by the doctor must bo amusing and interesting, but not exciting. His experience, to us tho doctor's own language that the mind being thus gontly and pleasantly occupied by subjects which drivo away worry aud wakeful thought, becomes calmed? in half an hour or so.

"I begin to feol sleepy; put out tha candle and fall asleep." Tho remedy may bo a good one, but the perils attending it in the absence of precautions are too great for the plan to be generally recommended. It ia in the matter of putting out the candlo that tho extreme danger lies. 'Tho more serious Spanish papors are com plaining bitterly of tho growth of the passion for bnll fighting among all classes. Madrid has got a now Noro, Mazzantini, who has completely eclipsed the famous viatadores Frascuelo aud Lagartijo. At tho lost corrida moro than 11,000 persons passed tho tickot office, and when tho tickets wero all disposed of thero was very nearly a riot taking placo among tho disappointed would be spectators.

Tho Epoca protests against this gladiator worship: "Whilst tho old established re views are dying out one after another for want of sub scribers, whilst fewer books aro bought evory year, painters go abroad to dispose of their pictures elsewhere, literature offers neither a career nor a liveli hood, most of the organs of the press conslat of nothing but collections of news, tho Intellectual movement is at a standstill meanwhilo tho bull fighters aro winning thousands ot dollars a month, and six or seven papers devoted to bull fighting fiud an ample livelihood." The Corro exclaims: "Unhappy Spain, how deep art thou fallen 1 A French paper states that at SeviUo the Academy of Tauromachy haa for president a canon of the cathedral. General Gordon is indeed as Mr. Gladstone says a distinguished personality. His the Xan cci, is as great a mystery as his choracter. Hia physical endurance In tho desert would be difficult to understand In a strong man, but in a man with angina pectoris, and with a horror of meals, it is simply a kind of miracle.

As far back as Novembor, 1878, and in thot very Khartoum on which the eyes of all Christian uationB aro turned, he writes "Thero aro not nino Europeans in the Soudan, and thoy vegetate and do not live. Can you conceive what it is never to havo any desire to eat is my case. I hate tho operation. My angina pectoris has not troubled mo lately. According to medical books it is not known what occasions this.

It is heart disease and makes you think you are on the brink of death. rush of blood takes place to tho heart and you think aU is over. I may say I have died suddenly over a hundred times." Gen oral Gordon's friends can only find encouragement in such facts to go on hoping that against all human and, medical probabilities Gordon will again emerge from the Soudan, and long contmuo to show the world what can be dono by men with grave disease, but with faith in thoir own mission and In God's providence. Germany and Kussia ore both pushing forward experiments in flying machines for use in war. It appoare that tho direction in which theso aro working la tho only ono likely to be successful.

It ignore tho inflated gas bag, which is enormous in bIzo, dlfnoull and costly to fill in war, and floats a gigantic derelict at tho mercy. of every. curreut ot air, a huge mark for, the first gunner who can hit and bring It to tho ground They adopt tho principle of tho inclined piano pressed against the air, and thus capable of making soma attempt, at least, to regulato Its own course. In tha kite the force that presses tho inclined plane is the hand of tho boy acting through tho string. In the sail of the boat tho resistance of the water to sidelong mo lion keeps the sail pressed against tho wind.

In flying machines the prossuro 1m given by an ouglno carried by the machine, and acting by means of fans of one sort or tho other. The difficulty at pteeont is the weight of engine and fuel, but with tho doTolopmenfe of oloctrical practical knowledge wo may fairly expect to see accumulators which will supply tho maximum of power with the minimum of weight. Thon tha problem of flying in still air will be solved. Whether we Bhall bo ablo to ride tho storm ia another mitUi A Historical Sketch of Quaker Richard Smith. Why He Was Known as the Bull Rider The Method of Measuring a Piece of LandBaiting Point or Bread dnd Cheese Hollow The Lofty Moral and Religious Character of tho the Patentee, and the Spiritual Tone of the Nesequake Indians.

The following sketch of the life of Richard Smith, original patentee of Smith town, L. was prepared by Samuel A. Smith for his forthcoming history of the Smiths of Long Island, for insertion in the appendix thereto, with other sketches of tho original Smiths. In preparing his work for publication Mr. Smith fouud that, as much that is contained in this chapter partook of tho character of recapitulation, its exclusion from the book would be proper, the unity of the volume being complete without it.

This oxplains why Mr, Smith has presented it to the Eagle for the benefit of its general readers, and for tbat of the Smiths of Brooklyn and Long Island in particular. The publication of the work has ben temporarily delayed owing to the ill health of the author. MB. SMITH'S SKETCH, Eiohard Smith, patentee of Smith town, who has been known in common parlauce, as well as In history, as tho "bull rider," whose history haa been briefly given in the body of this work, deserves a more particular and deacriptlvo history of his intellectual endowments and the intelligent action of his life. No account of him in his intellectual endowments, and in his social, moral and religious qualities, has ever been written.

No history or tradition is left to tell of his boyhood and youth in his native Yorkshire. It is not known what was tho particular bont or Inclination of hie youthful mind. No account can be given of his early education, but it is well ascertained that he enjoyed none of tho advantages of BcholaBtic training In any of the colleges or universities of England or Soot land but his education was liberal notwithstanding. He wob Eichard Smythe in his native Yorkshire, and what more thore was to distinguish him must bo left to conjecture only. Tho reason or cause of his leaving was probably known to his early descendants, but is now loBt in the abysm of time.

The fact that his father accompanied him in his emigration to this country is somewhat suggestive. They came at a time when civil and religious dissensions had sent many from England to this country, and their own Yorkshire had been very much depleted of its inhabitants. That Independence of thought which was his peculiar characteristic would not admit of his being ruled in his religious preferences by any established church government by the State or nation. And he raa evidently no admirer of the Puritans. Yorkshire, in the early part of the Seventeenth Century, as well as before, was populated to a large extont by Quakers, the disciples of George Pox and others.

This compiler, for certain purposes of history, was very anxious to find some account of Richard Smith, known as "Quaser itichard," who was a son of Samuel and grandsou of 11 1 chard Smith town, who married Elizabeth Talman and had issue, Gilbert, Talman, Richard, Mary and Elizabeth, and moved with hie family to New Jorsey. He was unsuccessful in searches and Inquiries in this rogard. The identical Quaker Hlchard, grandson of Richard of Smlthtown, was not found, The writer's inquiries, however, enable him to furnish the following items, which may be suggestive, in tho history of Richard Smith 1st, of Smlthtown. FACTS IN THE LIFE OF QUAKER EIOHARD. Richard Smith (Quaker Blchard) was born in Bur lington, N.

in 1G09. He was the eldest son of Samuel Smith, who emigrated from Bramham, Yorkshire, England, in 1690, who first settled in Bucks County, opposite Burlington, to which he removed, and occupied the family lands in New Jersey. He died in 1718. His brothers, Richard, Thorn ah, John and David, camo to America In 1677, in the ship Kent. This vessel brought two large companies of Friends, ono from Yorkshire, tho other from London.

Richard and his brothers were from Yorkshire. The passengers were 230 in number, the most of them Quakers, of good es tates in England. Quaker Richard was a member of the Provincial Assembly, and also a momber of his Majesty's Counoil. He died at Amboy, November 0, 1751, while the Assembly was In eesBion. He was tho father of Samuel Smith, tho historian.

Among the Belcher papers is a letter of the Governor (Belcher) to Mr. Richard Smith, December 12, 1717. thanking him for the hospitality and respect received from him and his family on his arrival in Burlington. Richard, his uncle, who came in 1677, was the owner of three proprietary tracts which embraced much of the beat land in Burlington County, He waB a signer of the constitution and concessions of West Jersey in 167T, and came next year. A book la extant, entitled the "Burlington Smiths," ft family history, by It.

Monia Smith, Philadelphia, printed for tho author, 1877. Tho names of Bull and Tangier are neither of them found in it. A Sir William Smith is noticed, in England. And a plate of his ornate and expensive tomb in Bramham, Yorkshire, embellishes one of the pages. This author appears to be charmed by ancestral luster.

He could not have kuown anything about the Richard or the William of Long Island, or there would probably have been some allusion to them. This may bo BUggestive in connection with the Bull and Tangier families. Another book, "Settlers of Passaic Valley, N. by JohnLittel, 1851, In which la found, "Richard Smith lived on Long Island and had children, Blchard, Thomas, Cornelius, Elijah. John and Sally," and the genealogy of their children.

It does not give the date of Richard's death, or when he migrated from Long Island to New Jersey. None of these descriptions answer for Riohard Smith, Quaker the grandson of Richard Bull, of Long Island, they aro given by the compiler In the hope that they may lead to further history. A reasonable presumption is that Quaker Richard, "Bull," of Long Island, migrated from New Jersey into Pennsylvania, the land of Penn, whore he could find congenial FriendB, or Quakers, and live under the auspices of peaceful and thriving Quakerism. The fact is peonliarly suggestive that Richard, Quaker, the grandson of Richard Bull, oould never, In all probability, have heard of Quakerism, except as he hoard something of it from the lips of his grandfather in the plastic season of hiB childhood and youth. Though Richard Smith, 1st, may not have been a Quaker by profession, and may not have belonged to any society of Friends, or Quakers, it clearly appears from tha whole teuor of his life that ho was not to be controlled by any of the dogmas of religious Beets In their divers denominations.

The hiBtory of him while in Southampton IB evidence of this. He abhorred all those Puritan laws and observances which had been brought from Lynn and other parts of New England by tho first settlers. He did not believe with the Puritans in the purity of the Word, regardloBB of the Spirit of God, and ho abhorred all laws which were founded upon a mysterious faith, which intelligent reason could neither understand nor explain. He bad no Pari tan experiences which led him to condemu and prosecute all others whose faith did not lead them to dosptBe all the laws of God, which are apparent in nature and in the minds and hearts of men who are guided by a spiritual intelligence which knows no language or words of communication between God and man. He was not ono of those who are represented to have been bo hoavenly minded to be always looking up toward heaven and expeating to be transported, and yet sometimes when they imagined that they were being lifted up, according to tho authority of a pilgrim descendant, they held on to the huckleberry bushes, as they were huckle berrying, to keep from being carried up." He waa tol erant toward others, and he desired to be tolerated in all that his reaeon and conscience dictated.

ONE OF NATURE'S NOBLEMEN. He was not one of those who served God in the word only, and In bis actions committed all the Bins in the decalogue. He was one of Nature's noblemen, bom a philosopher and a philanthropist, the evidence of which appears in the whole current of his life. He thought for himself. When calumny and uncharitablenesa as sailed him, he turned within himself and sought relief iu self examination.

Tha strength of his character was sometimes shown by an onset upon his assailants of a kind whioh reason dictated. He was not one of thosa who being smitten on the ono cheek would turn tho other also. Ho felt his own moral and intellectual strength, and for a recognition of this he Boared to a loftier tribunal than religious bigotry or depraved humanity. He needed no human apotheosiB. It cannot be asserted as a fact that Richard Smith was a Quaker in his uativo Yorfisblre, or in this country but there is enough in hifl life and all its circumstances to show that while in this country his mind waB imbued with all those sentiments whioh characterized the Society of Friends or Quakers.

An item of recorded history states that he was called Quaker Smith. He married Sarah Folger, of Newburyport. Tho name of Folger was known to have been associated with Quakerism in Newburyport and Nantucket. The Folgers of Newburyport and Nan tucket were known aa the; talented Quakers of these localities in former times, and the name has been, down to later timeB, associated with individuals of a high order of talent. Another aot may be mentioned tending to illustrate the religious faith of Riohard Smith and his proclivity to Quakerism, the marriage oi hia two daughters to two of tho Lawrences, of Flushing, father 1 and son, Thero oan bo no doubt oi tho aot that theso Th.e Funeral Business Brooklyn.

Coffin Making Sextons Embalming DecorationBurial Expenses. "Brooklyn has, perhaps as many funeral decorators as any oilier city in tho Union," Bald a woll known undertaker to aa Eagle reporter, a few days ago. "How iB that was askod. "Well," replied tho undertaker "almost evory man who can raise BUfnciont money to start him, goes into the business without Knowing the first thing about it. There is Bcarcely a church in thts city whioh la not decorated on tho exterior with a gold sign, announcing that the sexton, whose residence is Riven, Is also in the undertaking business.

Tho eigns are gotten up exquisitely and cost quite a sum. Bat there is one thing I cannot understand, and tbat Is, how the sexton of a church caa attend to his duties and also be an undertaker. The men who do a legitimate trade Buffer by the way in whioh tho sextons do business. Tho manner of laying out a corpao is something of a science. Of course an undertaker has to present a neat and respectable appearance when ha enters a house.

He must never express sympathy with the family of the deceased, or he la liable to be misunderstood. The science of deoent burial has undergone so many improvements within the past twenty five yeara aa to entitle it to some recognition at' this time." "There are no undertakers in this olty," said Mr. John H. Newman, of Court street, "who manufacture their own coffins. That Is a business in itself In which machinery is principally used.

Coffins cost from $15 to $50, and caskets, which are taking their plaoes, from $65 to $400. The coat depondB a good deal on the inside trimminga in which silk, velvet and other expensive articles are used. The handles of caskets are genorauy of silver. In New York State the metallic caskets are very little used. The South iB the only section whero there is a great demand for them.

With drowned persons preservation 1b generally required. The caskets are lined with lead." "Does it take much to Btart la the undertaking business "Quite a large sum," said Mr. Newman, and to conduct tho establishment properly good judgment is always necessary." "Do you ever have any trouble with the relatives of deceased persons "In former years it was the custom for relatives to take entire charge of the corpse, and all the undertak ers' worK was confined to furnishing the coffin and hearse. At the present time the undertaker is given entire charge of the remains, and as a result there is very little confusion at funerals." "What do you think of tho business now being carried on by sextons of ohurches "Their business is of. a very peculiar oharacter.

When one of the members of the church dies the sexton goes to a wholosalo house in New York and turn the whole job over to it at a good figure. He incurs no expense whatever, and actually injures legitimate business. I don't do any business with them, because I consider them outside the pale of the profession. The carrlago manufacturers are making improvements in the hearses and carriages. The former cost from $1,200 to $1,600, and carriages $1,000.

In this city it is the custom to have black horses attached to a hearse, and for children's funerals gray horses are used. In the case of contagious diseases the law compels an under taker to hove the remains disinfected and placed in a tight sealed coffin, and interred within twenty four hours after death. It also provides that the funeral shall be private, no children being allowed to go near the remains." MDo undertakers employ women?" "Yea, and 1 can tell you they command good sala ries. When a female dies and wo receive an order to prepare the remains we send for our woman. Sho goes over to the house, prepares tho corpse and has it all ready for us in a very short tlmo to place In tho ice box.

Of course, those women have Mr. Newman said that some time ago the body of Dr. Talcott, who committed suicide by jumping from the Albany boat, was embalmed in his warerooms. 'How was It done was asked. 'First the body was washed out with alcohol.

An in jectton of chloride of zinc and alcohol into the brachi al and femoral arteries was then used. The idea was to introduce the ehloride of zlno Bimply to coagulate the albumenoids in the body. This process was said by Dr. Lowell, who'studied the Bubject very carefully, to be the only one which was permanent In its effect. The process of embalming to day is, however, very simple.

It Is an injection of a fluid whose action is not permanent. Embalming, properly speaking, is supposed to be one of the lost arts." Mr. Harper, of Court street, said "Iron caskets win never take the place of chestnut, oak, or walnut The iron generally corrodes, and the caskets are not gene rally used in New York or Brooklyn. They are also too heavy to conveniently handle. In the South they aro In use on account of the climate.

In regard to em balming there is only one man who has got that down to a science. In Winter embalming can be relied upon, but in Summer it cannot. "nave thero been any changes in the management of funerals?" "Thero have been many. There is more style at large funerals now, and the coaches used aro of the best quality. The relatives of persons don't tako any hand in the preparation of the body, leaving every, thing to the "From one to five dollars is generally tho amount given by persons 'who buy oofflns on the installment plan," said Mr.

Frank Henderson, of Myrtle avenue. People aB a general thing who bury a friend are superstitious about paying the funeral expenses immediately, as they fear that if this were done another death might occur very soon. As to embalming thore is very little of it done in thts city, because relatives of deceased persons have an idea that the body has to be mutilated, in order to accomplish the desired result. A body that has been embalmed pre sents a more natural appearance than if it were placid on ice. By the process now used there is no chance of a person being buried alive, nor is thore any dangor of contagious disease being spread.

In the South embalming is carried on a good deal more than with us. Cloth covered caskets are now taking the place oC coffins. The metalllo caskets are heavy. The corpses nowadays are dressed very richly. Dregs eoata are used for men, and for women black eacgues.

In the management of funerals not a great many changes have taken place, and the business 1b in just as good condition as ever." Mr. Thomas Dugan, who reBldea in Clermont ave nue, is the sexton of a New York church. According to his own statement ho has been in the undertaking mistiness for a number of years. He safd: "The business Is not what it waB years ago, and a great many persons getting Into it do not understand anything about it. "Has thore been any improvement in the manner of preserving bodies?" asked the reporter.

"Very little," replied Mr. Dugan. "Some years ago the embalming process was a failure, because the peo ple were not educated up to it Tho relatives of de ceased persona did not favor the process. It might be said in justice to the people that of late years they are beginning to understand the benofitB that are derived from embalming, and boforo long it will be a matter of onstom. As for cremation tho people will nover let it take the place of the prevailing mode of interment The proper, thing to do when a person dies is to lay the body out on a table for a few hours, and care should be taken not to have anything near it.

Explanatory of my reason for this rule I will tell you an Incident which ocourred a few years ago. At the death of Mrs. Bagley, inNew York, a lady who was at her Bide at the tlmo of her supposed death, would not al low the undertaker to put the body on ice. When asked the reason for this she said Mrs. Bagley waB only in a trance, and that to put her on ice Bimply meant that the body would be frozon.

For two days that body laid In the parlor, and dootors of every name and fame were called in and pronounced tho woman dead. At the fu neral services, just as the coffin was about to be closed the same lady refused to allow Mrs. Bagley to be put on ice, noticed a twitching In one of tho eyes. Mrs. Bagley was lifted out of tho coffin and plocod on a bed.

In a few hours she revived, and is at present in good health. Now had this body been placed on ice at the time it was supposed to be dead It would have been frozon in jUBt one hour. Tho people of this country eoem to think that when a person dies the firBt thing that should be done is to place it on Ice. This is wrong and the above incident explains why it is so. The odor af death should bo first perceptible before Ice is brought into use.

By tho way things look now in tho business it is my opinion that all the persons buried are not really doad. In the management of funerals of late years some measure of reform has been brought about. The relatives now send for the undertaker and give him entire charge of tho body, and that ends the matter. Of course there are a great many incompetent parsons in the who seem to succeed a great deal better than the old and experienced men. Sextons of late years are becoming quite prominent aa un dertakers.

In this olty there are a great many churohos and just as many sextons who are undertakers. These men, although inexperienced, place their names up in the most conspicuous part of the oburob, and are supposed to do all the work incidental to interring tho do New Work on Early American Discoveries. (Votes of Fifteen Other Recent Publications on a Variety of Subjects. It is seldom that a work of great research nd historic Interest comes to ub in so attractive a form as The DlBooverios of America to the year 1625, by Arthur James Welse, H. which has lately been published by G.

P. Putnam's Sons, Now York, George J. Swayne, Brooklyn. The elegant binding, clear large type and fine paper, and the accurate and instructive maps and drawings, fac similes of the originals made at the dates of the several voyages of discovery enhance the attractiveness of the always interesting study of the discoveries of the American Continent or the New 'World. The Immense body of facts which tho learned author baa taken from ancient sources in all languages are so clearly and consecutively (grouped together and arranged, that the reader who possesses the elements of Information regarding tho hiBtory of America can pass from page to page without breaking the sequence of the one marvelous Btory.

It is the more pleasant to accord this valuable and Instructive work the cordial praise it deserves, because its author Is a citizen of this State and dates his preface from Troy, K. March 27, 1884. Moreover, his researches, 1 as he tells us, were made for the most part in tho General library of the State of New York, at Albany. Dur. lng eight years Mr.

Weise has devoted himself to tho Jong and arduous task he has now so happily accomplished. To tho librarians of all the great libraries in New York and of the American Geographical Sooiety, and to the good offices of L'Abbo A. N. Menard, of the Parish of St. Booh, Paris, France of Padro Antonio CerianJ, prefect of tho AmtaOEian Library, Milan, Italy, and Beveral other distinguished scholars, antiquarians and geographers at home and abroad, Mr.WeiBS expresses his grateful indebtedness.

The writing of such a book necessarily required of Mr. Weise a personal examination of many old and rare volumes.manusoripts and maps and a careful and critical review anS comparison of the varloUB statements, many of them hard to reconcile with each other and with probability concerning tho voyages of those whom historical writers have credited with being tho discoverers of certain parts of the coast of America, between Baffin's Bay and Terra del Fnego. Like all other competent students of history, Mr. Welse had vlewB of his own which incited him to the undertaking and which he desired to tost, as he has done, by the previous conclusions of others. Those viewB are summed up in the general statement of the preface: It is a fact that America in the early ages ws one of the inhabited parts of the earth.

The Egyptians, who were among tho first of the peoples of the Eastern Hemisphere to use letters and to writo history, furnish the earliest known account of the inhabitants of thiB oontinent It Is also a truth that some ancient geographers and philosophers, who had no personal knowledge of the existenco of a primitive people in tho fl extern Hemisphere, regarded the information recorded By the Egyptians as fictHiouB and incredible. When Columbus proposed to go to this inhabitod realm beyond the western ocean, almost all the learned mon of Portugal and Spain opposed tho undertaking as vis lonry, and not a few of them asserted that the navigator's opinions were absurd, because, as they arguod, no one of all the seamen who had lived since the creation of the world had discovered land beyond muer nia. Of course, this is only Intended as tho barest ontlino of tho facts. No pages of history are of fuller interest than those in which such delightful narrators as Washington Irving have told in full the cruel rebuffs which Columbus received from all tho courts and nations of Europe, including even the sagaoious but miserly Henry the Seventh of England, before ho was finally assisted with ships and money by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. The church, it will be remembered, wa3 especially hostila to him, tho assembled bishops declaring that it was not only rank absurdity for him to say that there could be any land beyond the visiblo horizon they had before their eyes, but that his assertions to the contrary were blasphemy and iu flat contradiction of the Book of Genesis.

However, tho discovorics of CoVuinbuB confuted the absurl arguments of tho learned men of those times against his views. In Mr. Wbisb'b opinion these discoveries also confirmed tho statements of the Egyptian records descriptive of tho civilization of the Atlantic country. Wo cannot agree with him, howover, that tho tradition of the peopling of this continent and of celestial beings residing among the primitive Americans affords any Berious contamination of the account in the Bible of tho creation of tho first man out of the dust of the ground and of his descendants having communications with angels. While the assertion sometimes made, that America was discovered by the Northmen, is rejected aa resting rather upon conjecture than ovidonce, it is of courso admitted by Mr.

Woise that Columbus was not tho first discoverer of the continent, for it was soon in 1497 not only by Giovanni Caboto, but by the commandor of Ihe Spanish fleet with whom Amerigo Vespucci first ailed to the New World. As appears also by the maps as well as the narrative of this work, tho land set down as Franceses was early possessed by the French, who built a fort near the Indian village where tho City of New York now stands. They called the surrounding country La Torre d'Anormeo Bergo, a geographical designation which Mr. Weise thinks may bo more significantly rendered as The Land of tho In his first chapter the author discusses the antiquity of tho red roco as an antediluvian people who founded an empire and a civilization in the Western Hemisphere, the traditions of whioh were known to the Egyptians. The early navigation of the Atlantio and the isolation of theso aboriginal Americans are described, as woll as the Northerner, the discovery of Iceland, the exploration of Greenland, the discovery and situation of Vinland (or Finland), ate He mentions that some writers be lieve that Newfoundland, which lies about 600 miles south of Greenland, was called Helluland by the Northmen, and that Nova Scotia is tho samo as their Mark land.

All the early maps of Greenland, however, show that Helluland, Markland and Vinland were regions of that country. Mr. WoiBe says Incidentally Tho questionable interpretation of the characters on tha rock Wine in the water on the east aide of the Taunton River, opposite Dighton, by a number of foreign antiquaries is a notable exemplification of the fictitious nature of tho socalled evidence that tho Northmen discovered America and explored a part of the eastern coast of tho present territory of the United States. The remarkable statonient tnat the rouna stone tower at Newport. It.

L. mentioned by Governor Benedict Arnold in his will, made in 1077, as "my stono built windmill," was ereoted by the Northmen, is also an instance of the infatuation of tho learned men who believed it to be a Norse monument. The second chapter tells of the arrival of threo strangely clad travelers in Venice and their surprising disclosures the book of Marco Polo the fabulous wealth of Cathay the empire of the Grand Ehan the travels of Sir John Mandevilia tho use of tho mar iner's oompass the geographical enthusiasm of Princo Henry of Portugal the use of tho astrolabe by navigators, and the reaching of the Capo of Good Hope by explorers of Africa. But the chief interest or the work, as of "The Discoveries of America," begins with the heroic life and work of Columbus, of whom all previ. oua discoverers were but tho harbingers.

The character of Columbus, especially his faith in God, which gave him courage amid all discouragements a charac teristic, by the way, to which Signor Castelar attrib. utes the heroism of General Gordon has over seemed to us one of the grandest in history. The following extract from the MS, of La Casas, quoted at Bome length by Mr. Weise, finely illustrates this character istic: The admiral Beems to have felt the greatest anxiety to have his wonderful discovery known, bo that tho world might be convinced that his assertions had been correct and that he had accomplished what he hod professed himself able to do. Tho thought that this might not be done gavo him the greatest disquietude, and ho was constantly apprehending that the most trifling thing might defeat bis whole intention.

But he comforts himself by reflecting upon the many mercies God had shown him in having enabled him to Bucceed in his project, when so many adversities and hindrances opposed him in afterward to accomplish his great discovory. And as he had made the service of God the aim and business of Mb undertaking, and as Ho had hitherto favored him by granting all his desires, he Indulges in the hope that He will continue to favor him and will give him a safe return. Ho also remembered that God had delivered htm on tho outward voyage when he had much greater reason to fear that the sternal God gave him resolution aod courage to withstand his men when they conspired sgainBt him and with a unanimous and menacing determination resolved to turn back. Therefore, ho says, that he ought not to fear the tempest. Sorely, this Is tho stuff of whioh horoes and discoverers, great admirals and great generals are made.

Luther and the Eeformation. The Life Springs of our Liberties" is the title of a new work on an old subject by Joseph A. Seles, D.D., pastor of the Church of the Holy Communion, Philadelphia, and author of "A Miracle In stono," "Voices from Babylon," published by Porter Coates, Philadelphia George J. Swayno, Brooklyn. The first part of it presents the studies of the author in preparing a memorial oration delivered in the City of New York, November 10, 1883, on tho four hundreth anniversary of Luther's birth.

Tho socond part presents bis studies preparatory to certain discourses which he delivered In tho City of Philadelphia at the Bl Centennial of the founding of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As tho two parts are Intimately related in the exhibition of the most vital in whioh he was the ruling spirit. Manners ana Social Usages," by Mis. John Sher nood, author of "A Transplanted Eoso," published by Harper Brothers, 1b written with an effort to answer thousands of questions written In good faith to Harper's Bazar. It is very well written ana is a dook of etiquette, giving directions and descriptions relating to such social customs as introducing people, visiting, gold, silver and tin weddidgs, floral tributes and docora tions, gardon parties, dress, balls, mourning, treatment of guests, servants, letter writing, dinner parties, matinees and soirees, and a host of other convention alties more or less necessary in well to do circles.

Tho two brief mottoes on tho title page are well chosen, the one from Emerson, Solid fashion is funded politeness," and tho other from Whately, "Manners are the shadows of groat virtues." We notice, by the way, that Archbishop Whately's name is misspelt. A book on etiquette," as Mrs. Sherwood remarks, howover patiently considered and honestly written must nave many shortcomings and contain disputed testimony. All wo can do is to endeavor to mention those fashions and customs which wo bolievo to be the beBt, remembering always that the great law of change goes on forever that our stately grandfathers had ashionB which we should now consider gross and unbecoming, while we have customs, particularly of speech, whioh would have shocked them. ThiB law of change is not only one which tbno modifies, but with us the South, the North, tho East and tho West diner as to certain points of etiquette.

All, however, agreo in saying that there is a good society In America whoso mandatos aro supremo. All feel that the well bred man or woman is a recognized Institution." "Science Ladders," published by G. P. Putnam's SonB, New York George J. Swayno, Brooklyn is a useful elemontary volume of scientifio information for the young, by N.

D'Anvors, and comprises six separate numbers. No. 1 treats of "Forms of Land and Water," and is an illustrated geographical reader describing in the simplest language land and sea in all their subdivisions. No. 2 is "The Story of Early Exploration," with illustrations and maps, and forms a companion to tho preceding.

No. 3 is an illustrated natural history reader on vegetable life. No. i treats of "Floworless Plants," No. 5 of "Lowest Forms of Water Animals," and No.

entitled "Lowly Mantlo and Armor Wearers," treats of the humbler creatures of the sea and shore. Tho book seems admirably fitted to accomplish its purpose of making natural science easy to tho young. Tho "Annual Statistician L. P. McCarty, San Francisco and Now York has just made its eighth appearance.

It contains, beside a sketch of colonial government, the Declaration of Bights, tho Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States, a great mass of hiBtorical, chronological, statistical and political information on a multitude of subjects, in a compact shape convenient for reference. Loe Shepard, Boston, have added "Tho Labor Question to their edition of orations and addresses by Wendell Phillips. D. Lothrop Boston, have published "Cookery for BeginnorB." Its object 1b to teach the mdimentB of tho art to those who know little or nothing about it, instead of taking their general knowledge for granted, and leading them on to the higher branches of the learning of tho kitchen. It is necessary to say further of the book only that It is the work of that eminent export, Marion Harland.

People who have a groat deal of figure work to do, and who aro naturally inclined to save themselves aa much labor as possiblo, would do well to turn their attention to "Interest Tables," a volume published by Portor Coates, of Philadelphia Goorge J. Swayne, Brooklyn. It shows tho interest on any amount from $1 to $10,000 at one half, two, three, three and one half, four, four and one half, five, six, seven, eight and ten per cent, per annum, for from one day to six years. It iB compiled by John E. Coffin.

Hay Fever Its Etiology and Treatment Blakiston, Son 4: Philadelphia is one of tho many contributions to tho literature of a disease which has spread activoly of late in this country, although last year its violence seemed somewhat to have abated. The author of tho pamphlet, which iB the substance of a lecture delivered at the London Hospital Medical College, iB Dr. Morrill Mackenzie, lecturer on diseasos of tho throat and formerly physician to tho hospital and Benior physician to tho Throat Hospital. He considers symptoms, causes and remedies aa thoroughly as limitations of space allow. What D.

J. Tapley, author of Amateur Photography" published by S. W. Green's Sons, Now York calls tho new recreation has mode such an aavance that this practical Instructor In the art will attract wide attention. Tho author is so woll assured that he has made all things as plain as need be that he prints upon his title page as a motto the following text: "The wayfaring man, though a fool, Bhall not err therein." Isaiah, The Traveling Law School D.

Lothrop BoBton is the title of a book in which Benjamin Vaughan Abbott employs tho method of a journoy from Boston to New York, Philadelphia and Washington for giving rudimentary lessons in government and law. Tho people and thingB Beon on the way and the incidents of travel are turned to account in this way. The volume also contains Famous Trials," twelve short and simple narratives used to illustrate various legal principles. Harry CaBtleman la a popular writer for boys. Those who recall his several series Gunboat," Boy Trapper," Boughing It," will not need to bo urged to read his more recent work, Tho Rod and Gun Club," published by Portor Coates, of Philadelphia.

Beside the portion of which tho titlo of the book is descriptive there are more or less exciting incidents connected with tho experience of some Mississippi and other boys In a Bridgeport military school. Captain Charles A. J. Farrar has added to the Lake and Forest Scries" a thrilling story of adventure Wild Woods Life, or a Trip to Parmachenee." Six Boston boys go north, encounter panthers, bears and moose, fieh, hunt, camp out and have what any of their contemporaries would unhesitatingly pronounce a good time." Published by Lee Shepard, Boston, George J. Swayne, Brooklyn.

Appleton's Dictionary of New York and Vicinity has attained its sixth year. It is a useful little volume, not only as ft guide for strangers visiting this neighborhood, but as a book of reference for residents of tho cities. The maps and index of places, institutions, socioties, amusemeuts, rosortB, otc, havo beon carefully revised. Tho Presidential sporting excursion to Yellowstone Park in 1883, is recalled by the publication, by U. N.

C. Dunkam, of Chicago, of The Rajah," which is the title of a burlesque account of the expedition. In four cantos, illustrated by Dough raw." We give the first four lines and the last four, with Italics as printed In eighteen (never mind the date), 'Twas when great Chostor rul'd the State, And sat (a jovial soul), upon The seat which once boro Washington. And sooth, such lofty "revelry," No man hath ever seen. Beneath the circlings of the sun, Since Dido was a Queen.

"The Conventional Lies of Civilization," translated from the German of Max Nordan and published by L. Schick, of Chicago, is commended on its title page to American readers on tho ground that it is "prohibited in Europe." In this country our laws do not prohibit the publication of books which express destructive theories againBt religion and social order, unless they incite others to tho commission of crime or are offensive to publio decency. Those, therefore, who tako a pessimist view of all the social effortB of mankind to attain a mutually protectivo state of civilization are at liberty to read tho vigorous denunciations of Max Nordan against society, if they havo leisuro and inclination to do so. Like most wholosalo destruotioniBts, this author never seems to have suspected, while calling everything around him a sham, that he may bo a sham himself. Latest Publications.

D. Appleton New York. LoL A Novel. By William A. Hammond.

Sixth annual number of Appleton's Dictionary of New York. With maps. Popular Science Monthly for August. Tms Catholic Publication Society, New York. August Number of the Catholic J.

H. HAOLEsnEEK Philadelphia. Godoy'a Lady's Book for August. P. Blakistoh, Son Philadelphia.

Hay Iteror Its Etiology and Treatment. By Morrell Mackenzie, M. Lond. The Wheelman Boston. AugUBt number of Outing and the Wheelman.

Cabsell New York. August number of Cas sell's Family Magazine. Tho Magazine of Art for August. D. LoiHnop Co.

A Boy's Workshop. By a Boy and His Friends. With an Introduction by Henry Randall Waito. Kitty Kent No. 3 of The Young Folks' Library, published monthly.

Allen Thobndikb Hiok, New York. August number of tho North Amerloan Review. Houghton, Miffltn Boston. Atlantio Month ly for August. if not of later, times.

A BTJLL RIDE PURCHASE. The compiler of this work had no design whon he entered upon It of making any other history than that of poreons and Intelligences genealogical and to some extent biographical a history of 'intelligences rather than of any material possessions of individuals. Tho property of Richard Smith, of Smlthtown, is, therefore, not a subject of comment, but a tradition regarding tho manner of his getting a comploto extinguishment of tho Indian titlo to a part of the territory contained in his patont of Smlthtown, which has been considered by many who had no information leading to a different conclusion aa a mere visionary and untruthful legend, when in fact it waB a tradition beliovod to be as holy and aa truthful by many generations of first descendants of Richard Smith as anything contained in history, either sacred or profane. The story has boen curreut that ho purohaaed of the Indians aa muuh land as he conld ride around In a day on his bull, and that ho mado the circuit of the entire territory of Smlthtown. This story is preposterous, Thero nover was any question of bis title to the Nesequake lands.

and the east aido of the Nesequake River, as conveyed by Lyon Gardiner, but thero were serious questions arising as to his title to the lauds on the west side of this river, contained in the deed from Gardiner. Thero were other Indiau claimants and tho Town of Hunting ton claimed these lauds nudor another Indian title. All the particulars of this appear in thB hiBtory of the dif ficulties and litigations between the Town of Hun tington and Richard Smith, and which wero finally decided in favor of Smith. The bull riding, or the use of a bull in the admeasurement the bounda ries of lands with the Nenaqiiake Indlaur, was only on the west sido of Nesequake River, He negotiated with, those Indians and measured and fixed boundaries to fortify himself against the claim of Huntington, and the bull was used in this fixing of boundaries, That a ball was used by him for riding upon Ms back and a beast of burden in hia early pioneering in tho wilderness of his Smith fleid purchase does not admit of a doubt On his excursion with the Indians, to fix tho western boundary of his pusohase, he uaed his bull not only for riding but for carrying food for man and provender for the boast In fixing and marking the line of boundary they followed leading hollows, and on the journey did not fall to bait hia bull at a locality which was afterward known aa the baiting place," thia ull being fed with Indian corn carried in a bag and fastened around the bull's nock. And in following a great leading hollow they stopped, and he and his company partook of bread and chcOBO, which were also carried among other necessaries in a bag, and strung to the buU'a neck.

This great hollow and western boundary of Smlthtown was thus called and named Bread aud CheeBO Hollow, a name which it haa over slnoe borne, and which no circumstances could ever change. It is impossible at this remote period of time, when tho truth of this tradition haa so long Blept the sleep of forgetfulness, to give many particular incidents in relation to it. This compiler distinctly remombors the te nacity with which patriarchal Smiths of Smlthtown of more than seventy yeara ago, clung to this tradition as a sweet and moRt interesting memorial of their beloved and immortal onceator. Thero was no notion about this in their minds. It was as an heirloom in the family, which had doscendod by inheritance from their ancestor and could not be separated from him in tho minds of his posterity.

This act was dictated by in terest on the part of Richard Smith for himself as well as his Indian friends, BAITING POINT. It Is not to be supposed that this tradition oould have I originated in any legend growing out of the faot that the coat of arms of his family had for Its crest a deraU bull salient. As well might it bo supposed to have originated from tha bull Taurus in tho Btarry con Btetlatlon. It never could have had an origin in the "John Bulllsm" of England, in opposition to tho TJ. S.

"Uncle Sara" of the United Statoa it was too early for this. The uso of a bull lu consummating a contract with the Nesequake Indians is a fact in tho history of Blchard Smith as positlvo aB the existence of Smith and the Indians. The friendly relations which always existed between Riohard Smith and the Indiana is another faot worthy of notico iu this connection. The number of thiB tribo who inhabitod tho large neck of land lying between Nesequake River aud Stony Brook Harbor, or the bay which puts up into Smithtown, cannot now be ascertained, but they must have existed thore in large numbers and for some length of timo probably as tho neighbors of their friend, Richard Smith. Indian relics have no where on Long Island been found in greater abundance.

Riohard Smith having established himself on the west Bide adjoining the river it is understood that tho Indiana were allowed to remain, and they did remain in large numbers for a length of time, Indefinite, on tha east sldo of Nesequake lands adjoining tho bay and Stony Brook Harbor. At a place and upon a farm known as Rasaepeagno adjoining the head of Stony Brook Harbor in Smith town, upon high lauds, there aro greater aud mora extended shell deposits than havo often been found upon Long Island. Tho soil of largo fields is composed of broken and decomposed shells, which enrich tho soil and reuder it very fertile. The Indlons wore probably numerous hero for a long time before the advent of Richard. Tho habits of thought and discriminating philanthropy of Riohard Smith led him to take groat interest in aud have a kind regard for the aboriginal Indians.

He found in them an unsophisticated humanity. Their minds had not strayed into the abatruss ness of an ideal religious philosophy which lost sight of God Jn Nature and Providenco. They knew the God who revealed Himself to them in the howling storm and in the rolling thunder. They saw Him in the glorious Bun, which gave light and heat by day and the moon and stars which gavo light by night. They knew and felt that thore was fl power above and around them which they had no power to control.

And moat ol all they saw the Great Spirit in their own majestic forms, in which there glowed in thoir dars bo BomB a Bpark of light which taught them to look for and adoro its source and bo guided by Its influence. They had not beon taught to neglect an oarthly para diBe in which the Great Spirit bad placed them, to look for a celestial, They knew of the eternal and universal presence of the Groat Spirit, and they feared to sin against Its Influonce. The peculiarities of theae ohild ren of nature, in whom evolution had not dono its work in bringing them to the moturity of an Ideal and etherialized experience was, to Riohard Smith, a Bub jeot of intense Interest and cariosity. Ho had had an experience in the gilded trappings of what was called enliffhtened humanity in the Old World, and ho had found tho opportunity to escape from it and seek the pleasures of a simple and unostentatious life in a new world, Tho Indiana were to him a etudy. fie courted their friendship and then their friendship for each other became mutual.

In hia treatment of tho Indians he followed in the footsteps of his illustrious proto tppe, the groat and good William Penn, and, though not bo conspicuous in the, magnitude of hia work, yet in principle he was the compeer of him whose moral grandeur in his treatment of tho Indiana will be the admiration of the moral world as long as timo shall last. Richard Smith, "BulL" waa possessed of Bucfl physical and mental endowments, and his character was bo strongly and indelibly murked, nothing being lost in his wife, that the die ia which ho was cast and moulded has not been thrown away or lost in tho moulding of Mb descendants, and will not be for gen ratlons yot unborn, except aa it ahalt have been uned in the moulding of softer and lighter materials which may have beon or may be intermixed by marital and domestic alliances. Tho great "master piece" still remains and will continue to crop out in unborn gonera tioua. The question which has been rai6od before in the body of this work, whether the name of Smythe by which he was first known in this country and which bo wroto aB his true name then waa Bynonomous with Smith in the poouhar dialect of Yorkshire, the compiler must leave to linguiatical Bavants to determine, oa he does not deem it material to the subject of his i history.